Ch 15
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Cellular
Throwing NETs by a neutrophil
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response-->Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity
Touching and Killing by Cytotoxic T Cells
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Physical
Unbroken skin
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Antimicrobial Chemicals
Use of TLRs to recognize pAMPS
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Cellular
Use of dendritic cells in the epidermis of the skin
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Activity
Vomiting to expel toxins or pathogens
What is hematopoiesis? Where start? What structures or organs take over?
-Production of blood cells from Undifferentiated Stem Cells -Yolk sac---->Liver---->Red Bone Marrow
List the 6 steps of phagocytosis
1. + Chemotaxis 2. Adherance 3. Ingestion to form phagosome 4. Merge with Lysosome to form phagolysosome 5. Killing of pathogen 6. Elimination: Exocytosis
List and briefly define three lines of Host Defenses.Which ones are Innate Nonspecific vs. Specific?
1. First Line: Barriers: Block @POE: Innate Nonspecific 2. Second Line:Nonspecific Cellular, Antimicrobial Chemicals; Processes: Innate Nonspecific 3. Third Line: Adaptive Specific Immune Response: Humoral & Cell Mediated: Specific
List the four signs of the inflammatory response. What does each sign mean?
1. Rubor: Redness 2. Calor: Warm 3. Tumor: Swelling 4. Dolar: Pain
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response -> Adaptive Humoral Immunity
Activation of Complement (not action of) by an antibody action
Natural Killer Cell
Active against cancers and virally infected cells in the second line of defense
Eosinophils
Active in large eukaryotic infections like worms and fungi.
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response->Adaptive Humoral Immunity
Agglutination of pathogens to make them easier to phagocytose
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response -> Adaptive Humoral Immunity
Antibody Production
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response -> Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity
Apoptosis caused by a Cytotoxic T cell
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response Non Host Defense-> Adaptive Humoral Immunity
B cell activation.
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Chemical
Bile
Helper T cell
CD4 Cells
Cytotoxic T cell
CD8 cells
Erythrocyte
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
Natural Killer Cell
Cause apoptosis of antibody labeled bacteria cells in humoral immunity
Cytotoxic T cell
Cause apoptosis of host infected cells in cell mediated immunity
Dendritic Cell
Cells found in the epidermis that assist in the first line of defense
Dendritic Cell, B Lymphocytes, Macrophages
Cells that act as Professional Antigen Presenting Cells
B Lymphocytes
Cells that have a cell surface receptor that is very similar to the structure of a basic antibody
Dendritic Cell
Cells that have elongated pseudopods for phagocytosis
Natural Killer Cell, Eosinophils, Neutrophils
Cells that kill by non-phagocytic means in second line of defense
Neutrophils
Cells that throw "NETs" to trap pathogens.
What is the difference between an exogenous and endogenous pyrogen?
Exogenous: comes from the pathogen Endogenous: WBC of the host release
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Antimicrobial Chemicals
Formation of Membrane Attack Complexes
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response-> Adaptive Humoral Immunity
Formation of plasma and memory B cells.
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response->Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity
Forming a synapse between a Cytotoxic T Cell and a APC
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response->Adaptive Humoral Immunity
Forming a synapse between a Helper T Cell and a B Cell
Helper T Cell
HIV would lower the number of these type of cells
Cytotoxic T cell
Has a Co-Receptor that binds to the MHC I of the APC.
Helper T cell
Has a Co-Receptor that binds to the MHC II of the APC.
Helper T Cell
Have a T cell Receptor that will bind to displayed epitope in an MHC II APC.
Cytotoxic T cell
Have a T cell Receptor that will bind to the displayed epitope in an MHC I APC.
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response-> Adaptive Humoral Immunity + Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity
Helper T cell activation
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Processes (Inflammation&Fever)
Histamine release ***Select choice that we discussed this with
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Genetics
Humans can't get Feline AIDS
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Processes (Inflammation&Fever)
Inflammatory response
Histamines, Vasodilation, Edema, Diapedsis, Pus
Injured cells, Mast Cells, Platelets, Basophils release _______________ which leads to _________ resulting in increased blood flow and vascular permeability. This leads to leakage of plasma into the tissues which collects and is referred to as ______________. WBC migrate out of the blood into the tissue spaces in the process of ____________; and some of the WBC may die and can accumulate as ________________.
Platelets
Involving in clotting and inflammation.
Macrophages
Largest phagocyte that ingests and kill foreign cells.
B Lymphocytes
Mature in the bone marrow.
T Lymphocytes
Mature in the thymus gland.
Macrophages
Monocytes turn into this type of cell when they squeeze out of a capillary
Neutrophils
Most common circulating WBC.
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Physical
Muco-Ciliary Escalator
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Physical
Mucous membrane
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Physical
Nasal hairs
Non Host Defense
Normal flora
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical
Oil on skin
Plasma B Membrane
Produce and secrete antibodies in the primary response.
Plasma B Cell, Memory B cell
Produce and secrete antibodies in the secondary response
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical
Producing Lysozyme.
Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response ->Adaptive Humoral Immunity
Production of IgG.
Erythrocyte
Red blood Cells
Neutrophils
Release a substance similar to bleach in the second line of defense
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Antimicrobial Chemicals
Release and Action of Complement (not activation of)
Mast Cell, Platelets, Basophils
Release histamines
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Cellular
Release of toxins to kill a Helminth by a Eosinophil
Natural Killer Cell, Cytotoxic T Cell
Release perforins and granzymes.
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Antimicrobial Chemicals
Releasing Interferon
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Processes (Inflammation&Fever)
Rubor, Calor, Tumor and Dolor
Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Processes (Inflammation&Fever)
Running a fever.
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical
Salty skin (the salt!!!)
First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical
Sebum
T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes
Second most common circulating WBCs.- put two general letters, not all specific types
Helper T Cell
Stimulate or activate both B cells and Cytotoxic T cells
What metabolic changes occur in a cell that has recently performed phagocytosis?
Switch to fermentation---->Elevate acid levels---->Lysosome enzymes function 10X more effectively at lower pH levels
Non Host Defense
The # 1 line of defense: period