Ch 15

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Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Cellular

Throwing NETs by a neutrophil

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response-->Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity

Touching and Killing by Cytotoxic T Cells

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Physical

Unbroken skin

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Antimicrobial Chemicals

Use of TLRs to recognize pAMPS

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Cellular

Use of dendritic cells in the epidermis of the skin

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Activity

Vomiting to expel toxins or pathogens

What is hematopoiesis? Where start? What structures or organs take over?

-Production of blood cells from Undifferentiated Stem Cells -Yolk sac---->Liver---->Red Bone Marrow

List the 6 steps of phagocytosis

1. + Chemotaxis 2. Adherance 3. Ingestion to form phagosome 4. Merge with Lysosome to form phagolysosome 5. Killing of pathogen 6. Elimination: Exocytosis

List and briefly define three lines of Host Defenses.Which ones are Innate Nonspecific vs. Specific?

1. First Line: Barriers: Block @POE: Innate Nonspecific 2. Second Line:Nonspecific Cellular, Antimicrobial Chemicals; Processes: Innate Nonspecific 3. Third Line: Adaptive Specific Immune Response: Humoral & Cell Mediated: Specific

List the four signs of the inflammatory response. What does each sign mean?

1. Rubor: Redness 2. Calor: Warm 3. Tumor: Swelling 4. Dolar: Pain

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response -> Adaptive Humoral Immunity

Activation of Complement (not action of) by an antibody action

Natural Killer Cell

Active against cancers and virally infected cells in the second line of defense

Eosinophils

Active in large eukaryotic infections like worms and fungi.

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response->Adaptive Humoral Immunity

Agglutination of pathogens to make them easier to phagocytose

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response -> Adaptive Humoral Immunity

Antibody Production

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response -> Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity

Apoptosis caused by a Cytotoxic T cell

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response Non Host Defense-> Adaptive Humoral Immunity

B cell activation.

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Chemical

Bile

Helper T cell

CD4 Cells

Cytotoxic T cell

CD8 cells

Erythrocyte

Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

Natural Killer Cell

Cause apoptosis of antibody labeled bacteria cells in humoral immunity

Cytotoxic T cell

Cause apoptosis of host infected cells in cell mediated immunity

Dendritic Cell

Cells found in the epidermis that assist in the first line of defense

Dendritic Cell, B Lymphocytes, Macrophages

Cells that act as Professional Antigen Presenting Cells

B Lymphocytes

Cells that have a cell surface receptor that is very similar to the structure of a basic antibody

Dendritic Cell

Cells that have elongated pseudopods for phagocytosis

Natural Killer Cell, Eosinophils, Neutrophils

Cells that kill by non-phagocytic means in second line of defense

Neutrophils

Cells that throw "NETs" to trap pathogens.

What is the difference between an exogenous and endogenous pyrogen?

Exogenous: comes from the pathogen Endogenous: WBC of the host release

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Antimicrobial Chemicals

Formation of Membrane Attack Complexes

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response-> Adaptive Humoral Immunity

Formation of plasma and memory B cells.

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response->Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity

Forming a synapse between a Cytotoxic T Cell and a APC

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response->Adaptive Humoral Immunity

Forming a synapse between a Helper T Cell and a B Cell

Helper T Cell

HIV would lower the number of these type of cells

Cytotoxic T cell

Has a Co-Receptor that binds to the MHC I of the APC.

Helper T cell

Has a Co-Receptor that binds to the MHC II of the APC.

Helper T Cell

Have a T cell Receptor that will bind to displayed epitope in an MHC II APC.

Cytotoxic T cell

Have a T cell Receptor that will bind to the displayed epitope in an MHC I APC.

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response-> Adaptive Humoral Immunity + Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immunity

Helper T cell activation

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Processes (Inflammation&Fever)

Histamine release ***Select choice that we discussed this with

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Genetics

Humans can't get Feline AIDS

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific->Processes (Inflammation&Fever)

Inflammatory response

Histamines, Vasodilation, Edema, Diapedsis, Pus

Injured cells, Mast Cells, Platelets, Basophils release _______________ which leads to _________ resulting in increased blood flow and vascular permeability. This leads to leakage of plasma into the tissues which collects and is referred to as ______________. WBC migrate out of the blood into the tissue spaces in the process of ____________; and some of the WBC may die and can accumulate as ________________.

Platelets

Involving in clotting and inflammation.

Macrophages

Largest phagocyte that ingests and kill foreign cells.

B Lymphocytes

Mature in the bone marrow.

T Lymphocytes

Mature in the thymus gland.

Macrophages

Monocytes turn into this type of cell when they squeeze out of a capillary

Neutrophils

Most common circulating WBC.

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Physical

Muco-Ciliary Escalator

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific-> Physical

Mucous membrane

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Physical

Nasal hairs

Non Host Defense

Normal flora

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical

Oil on skin

Plasma B Membrane

Produce and secrete antibodies in the primary response.

Plasma B Cell, Memory B cell

Produce and secrete antibodies in the secondary response

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical

Producing Lysozyme.

Third Line Host Defense: Adaptive & Specific Immune Response ->Adaptive Humoral Immunity

Production of IgG.

Erythrocyte

Red blood Cells

Neutrophils

Release a substance similar to bleach in the second line of defense

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Antimicrobial Chemicals

Release and Action of Complement (not activation of)

Mast Cell, Platelets, Basophils

Release histamines

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Cellular

Release of toxins to kill a Helminth by a Eosinophil

Natural Killer Cell, Cytotoxic T Cell

Release perforins and granzymes.

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Antimicrobial Chemicals

Releasing Interferon

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Processes (Inflammation&Fever)

Rubor, Calor, Tumor and Dolor

Second Line Host Defense:Innate & Nonspecific-> Processes (Inflammation&Fever)

Running a fever.

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical

Salty skin (the salt!!!)

First Line Host Defense: Innate & Nonspecific->Chemical

Sebum

T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes

Second most common circulating WBCs.- put two general letters, not all specific types

Helper T Cell

Stimulate or activate both B cells and Cytotoxic T cells

What metabolic changes occur in a cell that has recently performed phagocytosis?

Switch to fermentation---->Elevate acid levels---->Lysosome enzymes function 10X more effectively at lower pH levels

Non Host Defense

The # 1 line of defense: period


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