Ch. 16 Nervous System
nearsighted
A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is ________________________________.
the ability to respond to a stimulus
A feature common to all receptors is _____________________.
optic disc
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?
parasympathetic
Accommodation is controlled by the ___________________________________________ division of the nervous system.
puncta
As tears drain through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal _________________.
lens
Cataracts are a disorder of the _______________________.
transparent, avascular
Characteristics of the cornea.
7-10 day
Gustatory cells have a ____________________ lifespan.
neuroepothithelial
Gustatory cells within the taste buds are a specialized type of epithelial cells called __________________________ cells.
CN IX CN VII
Gustatory information travels through which cranial nerves?
insula
Gustatory sensations travel to the __________________ of the brain.
vitreous
In the eye, the vitreous humor is gelatinous.
lysozyme
Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called _____________.
1. Lacrimal puncta 2. Lacrimal canaliculus 3. Lacrimal sac 4. Nasolacrimal duct
Order that tears travel through these structures
intersitial fluid, intracellular fluid
Perilymph is similar to _____________________ and endolymph is similar to ______________________________.
skin
Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ____________________ and viscera.
head
Sensory receptors in the utricle detect the position of the __________________________.
auricle
Sound waves are funneled into the ear by the _______________.
1. Choroid 2. Photoreceptors 3. Horizontal cells 4. Bipolar cells
Structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep.
1. Iris 2. Ciliary Body 3. Choroid
Structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.
iris
The _____________ controls the size or diameter of the pupil and thus the amount of light entering the eye.
external acoustic
The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the _______________________________ meatus.
smooth
The ciliary muscles are made of ______________ muscle.
vascular
The conjunctiva is _____________________________.
orbital
The fat surrounding the eye is call _________________ fat.
ciliary body
The iris is continuous with the __________________________.
lacrimal
The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains ____________ fluid.
flattened
The lens is _____________________ when we are viewing faraway objects.
auricle, pinna
The most visible part of the external ear is called the ___________________ or ___________________.
retina
The ora serrata extends anteriorly from the _____________________.
palpebral conjunctiva
The portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of the eyelid is called the ________________________.
eyelashes
The primary function of the _____________________ is to prevent large objects from contacting the eye.
cranium
The receptors for the special senses are found within the ________________________.
vestibular
The roof of the cochlear duct is formed by the _____________________________ membrane.
angular
The semicircular ducts are involving in detecting ______________________________ acceleration.
macula
The sensory epithelium of the utricle and saccule forms a covering on a small, raised oval area called the ________________________.
parasympathetic
The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the _________________________ division of the nervous system.
basilar membrane
The spiral organ rests on the _________________.
head
The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our _______________ position.
otoliths
The utricle and saccule contain small crystals. What are these crystals called?
saccule
The vestibule contains two structures, the utricle and ________________________.
humor
The vitreous body is also called the vitreous _________________________.
True
True or false: It is the utricle and saccule that inform your brain that your head is upright.
True
True or false: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries.
movement of the ossicles
Vibration of the tympanic membrane causes _________________________.
-transmit sounds waves to inner ear -amplify sound
What are the functions of the auditory ossicles?
yellow
What color is the macula lutea?
choroid
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?
ora serrata
What is the margin between the photosensitive and nonphotosensitive regions of the retina called?
tactile receptors
What is the most numerous type of receptor?
crista ampullaris
What is the name of the elevated region of the ampulla of the semicircular canal?
fibrous tunic
What is the name of the outermost layer of the eye?
Lens
What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?
sclera
What structure is the "white" of the eye?
Sclera
What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?
chemoreceptors
What type of receptor detects molecules dissolved in fluid?
interoceptors
What type of receptor is found in smooth muscle of organs?
exteroreceptors
What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes?
proprioceptors
What type of receptors makes you aware of your body positioning?
constricts, dilation
When light hits the eye, the pupil _____________________ in bright light or _____________________ in dim light.
vestibular
When the stereocilia of the maculae or the crista ampullaris distort, nerve signals are initiated through the ___________________________ branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
skin, ear
Where are mechanoreceptors found?
in the neural layer of the retina
Where are photoreceptors located?
inner ear
Where is the cochlea located?
Balance Hearing
Which are functions of the inner ear?
-staperius -tensor tympani
Which are muscles located in the middle ear?
-it contains goblet cells -it does not cover the cornea -it is vascular
Which are true of conjunctiva?
stapes
Which auditory ossicle contacts the oval window?
vascular tunic
Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?
-utricle -saccule -semicircular ducts
Which structures are part of the vestibular complex?
umami
Which taste sensation translates as "delicious flavor" and is perceived as a meaty flavor?
-mechanoreceptors -chemoreceptors -thermoreceptors
Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?
proprioceptors
Which type of receptor is found in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joint capsules?
proprioceptors
_______________________________ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles and tendons.