Ch. 16 Nervous System

nearsighted

A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is ________________________________.

the ability to respond to a stimulus

A feature common to all receptors is _____________________.

optic disc

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot"?

parasympathetic

Accommodation is controlled by the ___________________________________________ division of the nervous system.

puncta

As tears drain through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal _________________.

lens

Cataracts are a disorder of the _______________________.

transparent, avascular

Characteristics of the cornea.

7-10 day

Gustatory cells have a ____________________ lifespan.

neuroepothithelial

Gustatory cells within the taste buds are a specialized type of epithelial cells called __________________________ cells.

CN IX CN VII

Gustatory information travels through which cranial nerves?

insula

Gustatory sensations travel to the __________________ of the brain.

vitreous

In the eye, the vitreous humor is gelatinous.

lysozyme

Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called _____________.

1. Lacrimal puncta 2. Lacrimal canaliculus 3. Lacrimal sac 4. Nasolacrimal duct

Order that tears travel through these structures

intersitial fluid, intracellular fluid

Perilymph is similar to _____________________ and endolymph is similar to ______________________________.

skin

Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ____________________ and viscera.

head

Sensory receptors in the utricle detect the position of the __________________________.

auricle

Sound waves are funneled into the ear by the _______________.

1. Choroid 2. Photoreceptors 3. Horizontal cells 4. Bipolar cells

Structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep.

1. Iris 2. Ciliary Body 3. Choroid

Structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.

iris

The _____________ controls the size or diameter of the pupil and thus the amount of light entering the eye.

external acoustic

The auricle directs sound waves into the bony tube called the _______________________________ meatus.

smooth

The ciliary muscles are made of ______________ muscle.

vascular

The conjunctiva is _____________________________.

orbital

The fat surrounding the eye is call _________________ fat.

ciliary body

The iris is continuous with the __________________________.

lacrimal

The lacrimal apparatus produces, collects, and drains ____________ fluid.

flattened

The lens is _____________________ when we are viewing faraway objects.

auricle, pinna

The most visible part of the external ear is called the ___________________ or ___________________.

retina

The ora serrata extends anteriorly from the _____________________.

palpebral conjunctiva

The portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of the eyelid is called the ________________________.

eyelashes

The primary function of the _____________________ is to prevent large objects from contacting the eye.

cranium

The receptors for the special senses are found within the ________________________.

vestibular

The roof of the cochlear duct is formed by the _____________________________ membrane.

angular

The semicircular ducts are involving in detecting ______________________________ acceleration.

macula

The sensory epithelium of the utricle and saccule forms a covering on a small, raised oval area called the ________________________.

parasympathetic

The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the _________________________ division of the nervous system.

basilar membrane

The spiral organ rests on the _________________.

head

The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our _______________ position.

otoliths

The utricle and saccule contain small crystals. What are these crystals called?

saccule

The vestibule contains two structures, the utricle and ________________________.

humor

The vitreous body is also called the vitreous _________________________.

True

True or false: It is the utricle and saccule that inform your brain that your head is upright.

True

True or false: Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries.

movement of the ossicles

Vibration of the tympanic membrane causes _________________________.

-transmit sounds waves to inner ear -amplify sound

What are the functions of the auditory ossicles?

yellow

What color is the macula lutea?

choroid

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

ora serrata

What is the margin between the photosensitive and nonphotosensitive regions of the retina called?

tactile receptors

What is the most numerous type of receptor?

crista ampullaris

What is the name of the elevated region of the ampulla of the semicircular canal?

fibrous tunic

What is the name of the outermost layer of the eye?

Lens

What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?

sclera

What structure is the "white" of the eye?

Sclera

What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?

chemoreceptors

What type of receptor detects molecules dissolved in fluid?

interoceptors

What type of receptor is found in smooth muscle of organs?

exteroreceptors

What type of receptor is found in the mucous membranes?

proprioceptors

What type of receptors makes you aware of your body positioning?

constricts, dilation

When light hits the eye, the pupil _____________________ in bright light or _____________________ in dim light.

vestibular

When the stereocilia of the maculae or the crista ampullaris distort, nerve signals are initiated through the ___________________________ branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

skin, ear

Where are mechanoreceptors found?

in the neural layer of the retina

Where are photoreceptors located?

inner ear

Where is the cochlea located?

Balance Hearing

Which are functions of the inner ear?

-staperius -tensor tympani

Which are muscles located in the middle ear?

-it contains goblet cells -it does not cover the cornea -it is vascular

Which are true of conjunctiva?

stapes

Which auditory ossicle contacts the oval window?

vascular tunic

Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?

-utricle -saccule -semicircular ducts

Which structures are part of the vestibular complex?

umami

Which taste sensation translates as "delicious flavor" and is perceived as a meaty flavor?

-mechanoreceptors -chemoreceptors -thermoreceptors

Which terms indicate a receptor type that is classified by its modality of stimulus?

proprioceptors

Which type of receptor is found in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joint capsules?

proprioceptors

_______________________________ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles and tendons.