Ch. 16 Quiz

Joseph ||'s conversion of labor oligations to cash payments

was opposed by both nobles and peasants.

All of the following correctly characterize the role of women in the new science except

women were forbidden from publishing learned treatises.

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the

shift from reading aloud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different text rapidly, silently, and individually.

How did the scientific revolution affect the economy in the seventeenth century?

The new science had few practical economic applications

In Persian Letters, what did the Baron de Montesquieu use to symbolize Eastern political tyranny?

The oppression of women in a Persian harem

The idea of the public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to

an idealized space where individuals gathered to discuss social and political issues.

Joseph || of Austria responded to calls to grant civil liberties to jews by

issuing edicts intended to integrate Jews more fully into society, including eligibility for military service.

Copernicus's theory of the universe

postulated a sun-centered view of the universe

The primary purpose of Fontenelle's Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686) was to

popularize the findings of the scientific revolution

To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa

reduced nobles' power over their serfs.

Astriking feature of the salons was that

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled

Which of the following correctly characterizes the response of various religious perspectives to Copernicus's hypothesis?

Calvin and Luther condemned Copernicus, while Catholic reaction was mild at first and only declared his hypothesis false in the seventeenth century.

Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through

a conspiracy led by her lover.

In the Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle demonstrated that

all knowledge can be questioned and doubted.

The scientific revolution drew on all of the following for its origins except

efforts to prevent a recurrence of the Black Death

What led René Descartes to his discovery of analytical geometry?

An intellectual vision one night while serving as a soldier

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance?

Enlightenment thinkers believed that thought had progressed far beyond that of antiquity, which demonstrated the possibility of human progress.

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brache and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as

empiricism

The enlightened policies of Fredrick || of Prussia included all of the following except

freeing the Prussian serfs.

The discipline of natural philosphy focused on

fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe.

In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that

human development is determined by education and socail institutions

The most influential aspect of René Descartes's theories of nature was that

the universe functioned in a mechanic fashion.

How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples?

Europen superiority increasingly was defined as biologically superior as well as culturally superior.

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for.

Why did scientist find that Protestant countries were more conducive to their work, especially after 1640?

Protestant countries generally lacked a strong religious authority capable of censoring or supressing scientific work that challeneged religious doctrine.

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Prussia, Russia, and Austria

How did the governments respond to the new science

States established academics of science to support and sometimes direct scientific research

How did Isaac Newton's law of gravity bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?

newton synthesized mathematics with physics and astonomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system.