CH 17&18 MC Study Guide
The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment to be
"Dare to know!"
In a sincere effort to reform his domains, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued
6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws
A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the 18th century is associated with
Beccaria
Improvements in agricultural practices and methods in the 18th century Europe occurred mostly in
Britain
The Treaty of Paris, which concluded the Seven Years' War,
Forced france to withdraw from India, leaving it to Great Britain
European music in the later 18th century was well characterized by
Haydn and Mozart, who caused a shift in the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire
Which of the following statements best applies to Denis Diderot?
His "Encyclopedia" had considerable impact, particularly after its price was greatly reduced.
Diplomacy in the 18th century was based on the idea that
In a balance of power, one state should not achieve dominance over another
By the 18th century, the largest European city in terms of population was
London
The strongest statement and vindication of womens' rights during the Enlightenment was made by
Mary Wollstonecraft
Which 18th century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera "The Marriage of Figaro"?
Mozart
The recognized "capital city" of the Enlightenment was
Paris, France
In 18th century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant
Still played a major role in social and spiritual areas
Enlightenment thinkers were mostly from
The nobility and the middle class
18th century "enlightened rulers" were not always enlightened, but they were also hindered in applying reforms because the nobility and aristocracy still held a considerable amount of power.
True
The Jews of 18th century Europe
Were strictly limited in the jobs they could hold, so many turned to banking and lending in tolerant cities
Fredrick the Great of Prussia
a and b (was one of the most cultured monarchs of the 18th century; reduced the size of the Prussian army)
Emelyn Pugachev is noted in Russian history for
causing greater repression of the peasantry due to his unsuccessful rebellion
A new and emerging form of industrial production in the 18th century was known as the
cottage system
John Locke's philosophy contributed to the development of Enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by
environment, not by innate ideas
In Rousseau's "The Social Contract" he expressed his belief that
freedom is achieved by being forced t follow what is best for all ( the "general will")
The Grand Tour
generally completed the proper education of an aristocrat's sons
A cheap and popular drink in the 18th century England was
gin
Madame Geoffrin is best known for
her role as an important salonniere in France
Above all, Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" was concerned with
maintaining balances among the various branches of government
The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often
public and very gruesome
As Prime Minister of Great Britain, Robert Walpole
pursued a peaceful foreign policy to avoid new land taxes
European intellectual life of the 18th century was marked by the emergence of
secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life
The dismemberment of Poland in the late 18th century
showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state during that period
Deism was based on
the Newtonian work-machine with God as its mechanic, designing the universe in accord with rational laws
The idea that government policies should try to achieve the "greatest good for the greatest number" of people is know as
utilitarianism
The War of Austrian Succession
was fought between Austria and Prussia, with Prussia gaining Silesia