CH 17&18 MC Study Guide

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment to be

"Dare to know!"

In a sincere effort to reform his domains, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued

6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws

A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the 18th century is associated with

Beccaria

Improvements in agricultural practices and methods in the 18th century Europe occurred mostly in

Britain

The Treaty of Paris, which concluded the Seven Years' War,

Forced france to withdraw from India, leaving it to Great Britain

European music in the later 18th century was well characterized by

Haydn and Mozart, who caused a shift in the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Austrian Empire

Which of the following statements best applies to Denis Diderot?

His "Encyclopedia" had considerable impact, particularly after its price was greatly reduced.

Diplomacy in the 18th century was based on the idea that

In a balance of power, one state should not achieve dominance over another

By the 18th century, the largest European city in terms of population was

London

The strongest statement and vindication of womens' rights during the Enlightenment was made by

Mary Wollstonecraft

Which 18th century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera "The Marriage of Figaro"?

Mozart

The recognized "capital city" of the Enlightenment was

Paris, France

In 18th century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant

Still played a major role in social and spiritual areas

Enlightenment thinkers were mostly from

The nobility and the middle class

18th century "enlightened rulers" were not always enlightened, but they were also hindered in applying reforms because the nobility and aristocracy still held a considerable amount of power.

True

The Jews of 18th century Europe

Were strictly limited in the jobs they could hold, so many turned to banking and lending in tolerant cities

Fredrick the Great of Prussia

a and b (was one of the most cultured monarchs of the 18th century; reduced the size of the Prussian army)

Emelyn Pugachev is noted in Russian history for

causing greater repression of the peasantry due to his unsuccessful rebellion

A new and emerging form of industrial production in the 18th century was known as the

cottage system

John Locke's philosophy contributed to the development of Enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by

environment, not by innate ideas

In Rousseau's "The Social Contract" he expressed his belief that

freedom is achieved by being forced t follow what is best for all ( the "general will")

The Grand Tour

generally completed the proper education of an aristocrat's sons

A cheap and popular drink in the 18th century England was

gin

Madame Geoffrin is best known for

her role as an important salonniere in France

Above all, Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" was concerned with

maintaining balances among the various branches of government

The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often

public and very gruesome

As Prime Minister of Great Britain, Robert Walpole

pursued a peaceful foreign policy to avoid new land taxes

European intellectual life of the 18th century was marked by the emergence of

secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life

The dismemberment of Poland in the late 18th century

showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state during that period

Deism was based on

the Newtonian work-machine with God as its mechanic, designing the universe in accord with rational laws

The idea that government policies should try to achieve the "greatest good for the greatest number" of people is know as

utilitarianism

The War of Austrian Succession

was fought between Austria and Prussia, with Prussia gaining Silesia