Ch. 18 (Motivation) & Ch. 19 (Communication)

T

Unlike Maslow, Alderfer believed that individuals could pursue multiple needs at once. (T/F)

d

According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory X: a. believe that employees are not slackers, but are motivated to do their best and to work to their potential. b. are more inclined to focus on participatory rather than command-and-control styles of leadership. c. seek consensus and try to create an open atmosphere where employees are free to experiment and innovate. d. tend to believe that employees are principally motivated by extrinsic rewards, especially compensation.

c

According to Aristotle, the goal of pathos is to: a. appeal to the minds of the audience. b. provide audience the rationale for change. c. make an emotional connection with the audience. d. simply convey the facts to the audience.

F (Theory Y)

According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory X tend to use a blend of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to motivate employees. (T/F)

T

A communication audit allows organizations to improve the way in which they respond to routine and nonroutine circumstances. (T/F)

b

According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory Y: a. use fear, intimidation, and threats of punishment to drive motivation. b. focus on participatory rather than command-and-control styles of leadership. c. tend to believe that employees are principally motivated by extrinsic rewards. d. believe that employees inherently dislike work and need to be constantly monitored.

T

According to Erving Goffman, the "front stage" dictates that we employ certain standards of politeness and decorum when communicating. (T/F)

c

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors: a. correspond to Maslow's hierarchical needs for esteem and self-actualization. b. are the higher-order needs that motivate people to perform better in their work. c. are potential dissatisfiers that, when fulfilled, do not cause people to become satisfied. d. are the direct consequences of doing the job and are the primary cause of satisfaction.

T

According to Herzberg, fulfilling potential dissatisfiers causes people to become less dissatisfied. (T/F)

F

According to Maslow, the two higher-order needs include the physiological and belongingness needs. (T/F)

acquire

Adam, a team lead, while assessing the performance of his team members, came to know that their performance is deteriorating day-by-day. In order to motivate them, Adam adopted the four-drive theory of motivation and differentiated good performers from average and poor performers. Moreover, he designed the reward system such that it was tied clearly to performance. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Adam tried to fulfill the employees' drive to:

F

Aristotle believed that pathos was the most important element of persuasion. (T/F)

b

Attentive listeners: a. attempt to share with the speaker the feelings and concerns that underlie the message by counseling the speaker. b. tend to listen to instructions, briefings, and other important information without performing other tasks. c. refrain from making any verbal or nonverbal responses when someone else is talking. d. respond to speakers with vocal noises such as ah and uh-huh when speakers say things with which they agree.

a

Edwin, a top manager in a bureaucratic organization, often engages in persuading employees while making decisions and focuses more on his team and provides extra coaching to employees. He also maintains a good reputation both inside and outside the organization. Based on McClelland's acquired needs theory, it can be inferred that Edwin is an example of _____. a. a socialized power-oriented manager b. an affiliation oriented manager c. an achievement oriented manager d. a relations-oriented manager

F

Empathetic listeners consciously try to focus on what the speaker is saying by not letting their minds wander. (T/F)

T

Equity theory assumes that individuals know what effort and skills are required to receive a certain reward threshold from their employer. (T/F)

F

Essentially, in vertical communication channels, peers turn to one another to seek out the information they need. (T/F)

T

Extinction is the idea that a behavior stops because it has ceased to be rewarded or punished. (T/F)

T

Goal-setting theory states that the mere setting of difficult but achievable goals is a significant motivator of performance. (T/F)

approach

Identify a personal aspect that influences communication.

F

In contrast to intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation is derived from aspects of "doing the job." (T/F)

T

In productive situations, individuals engaged in the communication process ask for clarification when they have misunderstood. (T/F)

c

In supportive communication, deflecting involves: a. offering advice and suggestions. b. asking follow-up questions for clarification. c. relating similar experiences. d. reiterating the main points.

F

Individuals who are motivated by personalized power like to make an impact on and influence others. (T/F)

c

Kevin and Adam are the marketing executives in an organization. While making presentations during team meetings, Kevin, who is more talkative, uses a wide range of facial expressions and shares his feeling and personal information. In contrast, Adam keeps his feelings private and limits discussions to business related topics. Based on this description, it can be inferred that: a. Adam is an interactive listener. b. Kevin is an indirect communicator. c. Adam is a self-contained communicator. d. Kevin is a passive listener.

equity theory

Maria and Jose have worked together in the same office in the same position for quite some time. They have similar educational backgrounds and have been in the job for about the same period of time. Maria works extremely hard and often notices that Jose is taking long breaks and not putting in the same effort as she is. Thus, when she learns that Jose is paid $8000, more than what she earns, she gets very upset and decides to reduce her effort and take long breaks as well. Which of the following theories explains this behavior?

F

Men are more successful than women when they are advocating for the needs of their team members or partners. (T/F)

F

Noise is often maximized by an ongoing back-and-forth process of seeking clarification. (T/F)

d

Of the three elements of communication, ethos refers to: a. the demonstrator's passion to argue. b. the rationale for action. c. the facts that need to be conveyed. d. the credibility of the speaker.

a

Of the three variables of expectancy theory, valence includes: a. the evaluation of whether the available outcomes are attractive to the employee. b. the evaluation of whether putting in effort will lead to commensurate performance. c. the evaluation of whether poor effort will lead to limited performance and rewards. d. the evaluation of whether successful performance will lead to a desired reward.

T

One of the most compelling ways to build a personal connection is through storytelling. (T/F)

F

Performance to outcome expectancy includes the evaluation of whether putting in effort will lead to commensurate performance. (T/F)

in-person meeting

Stephen is a team lead in an organization that is currently laying off its employees due to some recent events. Stephen has to inform George, who has been in the organization for quite some time, that he has been laid off. Which of the following communication media must Stephen use to convey this message to George?

hierarchy of needs

The _____ theory, proposed by Abraham Maslow, states that individuals have multiple needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order to ensure the greatest level of satisfaction.

existence, relatedness, and growth

The acronym ERG in Alderfer's theory of motivation refers to:

media

The formats used to convey messages, including oral, written, and electronic are referred to as communication _____.

b

The management in an organization wanted to reduce employee turnover by increasing their job satisfaction. Therefore, they provided employees with a safe work environment and a sense of job security. However, the turnover rate did not decrease even after implementing these changes. During exit interviews, the employees complained that they do not have any opportunities for achievement and personal recognition. From this scenario, according to Herzberg's theory, it can be understood that: a. hygiene factors are lacking in the organization. b. the organization falls short of motivators. c. all employees are self-actualized individuals. d. the employees' higher-order needs are met.

content

The study of the incentives and needs that motivate people to perform in a certain way are called _____ theories of motivation.

process

Theories that explain why people behave in ways to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their overall level of satisfaction after they have attempted to fulfill their needs are called _____ theories of motivation.

T

To bridge linguistic and communication differences, individuals should be careful about telling jokes that may be culturally sensitive. (T/F)

b

To bridge linguistic and communication differences, individuals should: a. speak as fast as possible. b. be careful about numbers. c. use less white space in e-mail communications. d. use many colloquialisms.

c

To fulfill employees' drive to defend, managers should: a. provide competitive salary and benefits. b. value collaboration and teamwork. c. increase transparency of all processes. d. design jobs that have distinct roles in the organization.

noise

Which of the following distorts the sender's intent or the receiver's interpretation in the communication process?

interesting task

Which of the following in an intrinsic reward?

c

Which of the following individuals is the best example of a passive listener? a. During presentations, James consciously tries to focus on what the speaker is saying. b. Erick tends to respond to speakers vocally when they say things with which he agrees. c. Maria usually avoids making any verbal or nonverbal responses when someone else is talking. d. Sheila often reacts to the speaker by showing concern and attempts to share feelings and offers counseling.

a

Which of the following individuals is the best example of an empathetic listener? a. Sheila often reacts to the speaker by showing concern and attempts to share feelings and offers counseling. b. Maria usually avoids making any verbal or nonverbal responses when someone else is talking. c. Erick tends to respond to speakers vocally when they say things with which he agrees. d. During presentations, James consciously tries to focus on what the speaker is saying.

training and development

Which of the following is a characteristic of an organization's climate with high employee engagement?

biased thought processes

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the ladder of inference?

job security

Which of the following is an extrinsic reward?

medium

Which of the following is one of the core components of communication?

need for power

Which of the following is one of the three needs of McClelland's acquired needs theory?

a

Which of the following is true about gender differences in communication? a. In general, men are inclined to value status and hierarchy more than women do. b. Compared to women, men tend to spend more time communicating up in an organization. c. Men are more successful than women when they are advocating for the needs of their team members. d. Men are less likely to engage in self-promotion compared to women.

c

Which of the following principles should be used by managers to enhance their use of persuasion? a. Concealing information from others b. Using complex messages c. Repeating the message personally d. To speak before listening

communication networks

Which of the following refers to the formal and informal connections through which individuals use their relationships with others to send and receive messages?

c

Which of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is true? a. Job security and fringe benefits are considered belongingness needs in organizations. b. Most people can easily arrive at the level of self-actualization. c. Lower-order needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can be addressed. d. The second level in Maslow's hierarchy encompasses physiological needs.

c

Which of the following statements about communication is true? a. Communication simply includes to what is said and heard. b. Communication is seldom influenced by personal factors. c. Communication is an iterative and interactive process. d. Communication is a series of linear exchanges from one person to another.

c

Which of the following statements about extrinsic and intrinsic rewards is true? a. Intrinsic rewards are specific, tangible, and easy to compare. b. Extrinsic rewards include interesting and challenging work. c. Intrinsic rewards generally provide personal satisfaction. d. Extrinsic rewards are based on individuals' conception of their worth.

a

Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is true? a. It involves giving physical attention to a communication partner. b. Space and objects do not impact the interpretation of communication. c. Nonverbal communication consists of letters, pictures, and symbols. d. Body language includes the dress and appearance of the individuals.

c

Which of the following statements about supportive communication is true? a. Supportive approaches can be applied only to verbal communication. b. In supportive communication, probing involves reiterating the main points. c. Supportive communication includes offering advice and suggestions. d. Reflecting involves asking follow-up questions for clarification.

a

Which of the following statements about the goal-setting theory is true? a. Tight deadlines for goal completion lead to a more rapid work pace. b. Difficult goals often tend to direct attention toward goal-irrelevant activities. c. Difficult goals generally lead to lesser effort, persistency, and focus. d. Easily achievable goals are the significant motivators of performance.

c

Which of the following statements about the reinforcement theory is true? a. Negative reinforcements tend to decrease certain behaviors. b. Successful organizations generally build employee engagement by focusing on punishment. c. Ceasing to reward the behavior that was previously rewarded causes extinction. d. Positive reinforcement involves removing an aversive condition in response to a desired behavior.

c

Which of the following statements about verbal communication is true? a. Verbal communication consists of giving physical attention to a communication partner. b. Listening and reading are the modes by which verbal communication is sent. c. Verbal communication consists of sounds, letters, words, pictures, and symbols. d. In verbal communication, speaking and writing are both driven by sensing information.

a

Which of the following statements best describes interpersonal communication? a. Communication that occurs in one-on-one or small group settings b. The use of body language and objects to convey meaning to messages c. A process of offering advice and suggestions and relating similar experiences d. Communication that involves using sounds, letters, words, pictures, and symbols

a

Which of the following statements best describes the theory of operant conditioning? a. Both positive and negative reinforcement increase behavior while punishment and extinction decrease behavior b. People will compare their circumstances with those of similar others and that this behavior motivates them to seek fairness in the way they are rewarded for performance c. Individuals have multiple needs that must be fulfilled in a specific hierarchical order to ensure the greatest level of satisfaction d. Employees expect that high effort should lead to good performance and that good performance, in turn, should lead to reward

b

Which of the following statements is true about communication channels? a. In horizontal channels, media are sent up and down the chain of command. b. Downward communication is used for giving instructions and training. c. Organizations that seek to save time use vertical communication channels. d. Employees who engage in upward communication are always dissatisfied.

reinforcement theory

Which of the following theories focuses on the process of using rewards or punishments to induce behaviors?

Alderfer's ERG Theory

Which of the following theories is a variant on Maslow's hierarchy theory that involves three instead of five levels?

persuasion

_____ is a process by which an individual or a group captures an audience and influences, changes, or reinforces their perspectives, opinions, and behaviors.

directness

_____ refers to the amount of control an individual attempts to exercise in communication situations.

motivation

_____ refers to the desire, stimulus, or incentive to pursue a particular course of action.