CH 18 quiz

he following is a list of components of the renal tubule system. 1 - ascending limb of nephron loop 2 - ureter 3 - distal convoluted tubule 4 - descending limb of nephron loop 5 - minor calyx 6 - proximal convoluted tubule 7 - papillary duct 8 - renal pelvis Choose the correct order of components through which the initial filtrate of urine flows from the renal corpuscle and is conducted to the urethra to be excreted as urine.

6,4,1,3,7,5,8,2

Blood enters the glomerulus via the

Afferent arteriole

Seen in sections, the kidney is divided into

An outer cortex and an inner medulla

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

Kidney filtration will stop

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney(s)?

The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal.

If through injury, both the blood flow to the kidneys and the glomerular filtration pressure decrease, which of the following will likely occur?

The renin-angiotensin system will be activated.

Urine is temporarily stored by the

Urinary bladder

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

Potassium ion secretion along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is stimulated by

aldosterone.

ANP release is stimulated when

blood volume and blood pressure are too high

reabsorption of water and sodium ions

collecting ducts

Regulation of the amounts of water, sodium ions, and potassium ions lost in the urine occurs between the nephron loop and the

collecting system

reabsorption of sodium ions and secretion of acids

distal convoluted

ADH promotes increased water permeability of the

distal convoluted tubule.

The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting system is the

distal convoluted tubule.

Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called ________.

fluid shift

The cup-shaped chamber, or the expanded end of a nephron, is known as the

glomerular capsule

Which process is the vital first step essential to all kidney functions

glomerular filtration

The ball of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle is the

glomerulus

Which of the following are components of a renal corpuscle?

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Urine production occurs in the

kidneys

Any condition accompanied by severe kidney damage can result in ________, the second most common acid-base disorder.

metabolic acidosis

A person who is suffering from bouts of repeated vomiting may risk developing a serious case of ________.

metabolic alkalosis

The basic functional unit in the kidney is the

nephron

To achieve fluid balance, ion concentration gradients are eliminated by

osmosis

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of

osmosis

conduction of urine to minor calyx

papillary duct

The principal cation in the ICF is

potassium

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

potassium and phosphate.

The kidneys

produce urine

The hormone ANP

promotes the dilation of glomerular capillaries

reabsorption of ions, vitamins, water, and organic molecules

proximal convoluted

Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the

proximal convoluted tubule.

By adjusting the volume of water lost in urine, and releasing erythropoietin and renin, the urinary system specifically functions in

regulating blood pressure.

Each kidney receives blood from a(n)

renal artery

filtration of plasma to initiate urine formation tubule

renal corpuscle

In which renal component does urine production begin

renal cortex

The large, funnel-shaped chamber that connects to the ureter is called the

renal pelvis

Blood leaves the kidney via the

renal vein

Regarding sodium balance, which is(are) the most important site(s) for regulating sodium ion losses

the kidneys

Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

ureter

Urine exits from the body via the

urethra

Organs of the urinary system that are actively involved with urine transport are the

urethra and ureters