CH 19 Mastering

Evidence suggests that our species originated in _____ and then spread to _____.

Africa: the Middle East

All of the following statements about amphibians are correct, except one. Which one?

Amphibians must lay their eggs in water

Numbers time again! Which of the following is an INCORRECT match between a hominin species and its approximate age as determined from the fossil record?

Australopithecus afarensis ("Lucy"): lived about 100,000 years ago

Based on the fossil record, which of the following seems to be true regarding the relationship between bipedalism and the development of a large brain in hominins?

Bipedalism evolved a long time before the brain began to enlarge.

Which of the following is an INCORRECT match between a member of the Homo genus and a characteristic that defined that species?

H. sapiens: largest brain of any Homo species

What is the adaptive value of lighter-colored skin in people who are indigenous to northern climates?

It contains less melanin, and so more UV light can reach the cells in skin that synthesize vitamin D.

Which of the following statements about vertebrates is INCORRECT?

Lancelets have jaws.

Which of the following statements about mammals is INCORRECT?

Marsupials are placental mammals.

Amphibians were widespread and diverse during the Carboniferous period, but their range and number were reduced in later periods. Why?

Most amphibian species required a moist environment.

Which of the following statements is correct about the discovery of new animal species?

Often, newly discovered species soon become endangered.

A primate that is mostly arboreal lacks a prehensile tail, and has the following additional characteristics: a fully opposable thumb, forelimbs and legs that are approximately equal in length, and widely spaced nostrils that open downward. This primate is likely to be a(an) _____.

Old World monkey

Why has it been impossible for scientists to confirm the identity of the "hobbit people" whose remains were discovered in Indonesia?

Only a few fossils from which DNA can be extracted have been discovered.

Which of the following statements about the evolution of hominins is correct?

Several hominin species coexisted at different times, but only H. sapiens survived.

What clue(s) do paleoanthropologists gain from a fossilized skull that help them determine whether the skull's owner was bipedal?

The opening for the spinal cord is at the floor of the braincase.

Which of the following characteristics is shared by monotremes and placental mammals?

Their young drink milk.

Gibbons, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans are all ____. Which of these species is (are) apes? Choose the most specific answer.

anthropoids: all

Which choice lists the clades to which mammals belong, in order from most inclusive to least inclusive?

chordates, vertebrates, jawed vertebrates, tetrapods, amniotes

The function of the lateral line system in fishes is to _______.

detect minor changes in water pressure

Which of the following choices is an INCORRECT match between a structure of the amniotic egg and its function?

extra-embryonic membranes: enable growth of embryo

The metabolic rate of birds is ____. This is necessary because _____ and is enabled by _____.

high: flight has high energy demands: very efficient lungs

All _____ are _____, but not all _____ are _____.

lemurs: primates::anthropoids: monkeys

Which of the following characteristics of the fossilized animal Tiktaalik ("large freshwater fish") have led researchers to believe that it was an intermediate form between aquatic and terrestrial life?

paddle-like forelimbs without toes and a neck

Which of the following vertebrates has an operculum, a bony skeleton, and a swim bladder?

ray-finned fish

Hagfish have which of the following characteristics?

vertebral column, keen sense of smell, slime production