Ch 2
Which of the following happen during mitosis?
A cell's nucleus duplicates itself. Two new cells are formed.
______ is a parent-child relationship that is established through a social and legal process.
Adoption
______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.
Behavior geneticists
______ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Chromosomes
Which of the following is a chromosomally transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Down syndrome
Which of the following are chromosomal abnormalities?
Down syndrome Turner syndrome fragile X syndrome
True or false: Children's development is solely the outcome of their heredity and environment.
False
True or false: Those with XYY syndrome are more prone to aggression and violence.
False
Males who have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY, have
Klinefelter syndrome.
A powerful magnet and a radio create images that generate a detailed picture of the body's organs and structures. This sort of screening is called a fetal __________
MRI or magnetic resonance imaging.
How are characteristics that suit a species for survival transmitted from one generation to the next?
The genetic code inherited from our parents
True or false: The emerging view is that complex behaviors are influenced by genes in ways that give people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory as well as by complex environments.
True
A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing or part of one X chromosome is deleted is referred to as
Turner syndrome.
Someone with which of the following chromosomes has Turner syndrome?
XO
All of the following are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome EXCEPT
an extra Y chromosome.
According to Gilbert Gottlieb's epigenetic view, which of the following characterizes the relationship between heredity and environment in development?
bidirectional
When a gamete is formed, sometimes the sperm or ovum does not have a normal set of 23 chromosomes. This is referred to as a(n) ______ abnormality.
chromosomal
There are times when abnormalities involve whole __________ that do not separate properly, whereas other abnormalities are produced by harmful genes.
chromosomes
The threadlike structures found in the nucleus of each human cell and made up of deoxyribonucleic acid are called
chromosomes.
The two new cells created by mitosis
contain the same DNA as the original cell.
According to developmental psychologist David Moore, genetic factors
do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop.
__________ syndrome results when a person inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21.
down
When couples experience infertility, the problem may lie with
either the woman or the man.
The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
epigenetic
Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?
evolutionary psychology
Genes are passed from generation to generation through three processes, called mitosis, meiosis, and __________
fertilization
What fetal screening method can provide more detailed images than an ultrasound?
fetal MRI
Which of the following tests can be used to indicate whether a fetus is developing normally?
fetal MRI ultrasound chorionic villus sampling amniocentesis
Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of
heredity-environment correlations.
According to evolutionary psychology, natural selection favors behaviors that
increase reproductive success.
If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to
intellectual disability.
According to the epigenetic view, development is
is due to heredity and environment each affecting the other
XYY syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which the
male has an extra Y chromosome.
Chromosomal abnormalities result when a chromosome does not separate properly during
meiosis.
A common outcome of fragile X syndrome is
mental deficiency
The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.
natural
As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called
natural selection.
Sickle-cell anemia, in which the red blood cells cannot carry ______ properly and die quickly, occurs most often in African Americans.
oxygen
Which of the following is NOT one of behavior geneticist Sandra Scarr's hereditary-environment correlations?
phenotypic
Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize a certain amino acid and, if left untreated, causes intellectual disability?
phenylketonuria (PKU)
A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a __________ gene.
recessive
A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair.
recessive; dominant
Human traits and characteristics that are genetically influenced have an evolutionary history that is
retained in our DNA.
Which genetic disorder occurs primarily in African Americans?
sickle cell anemia
Ultrasound sonography uses ______ directed toward the pregnant woman's abdomen that produce(s) a visual representation of the fetus.
sound waves
Prenatal diagnostic tests include all of the following EXCEPT
the Apgar Scale.
Which of the following are potential causes of infertility?
the woman does not ovulate blocked fallopian tubes low sperm production
Fragile X syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which
there is an abnormality on the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks.
Which of the following would be most commonly used by a behavior geneticist?
twin or adoption studies
Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, ______ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and when used later in the pregnancy can help determine whether the baby is male or female.
ultrasound sonography