Ch 2

Which of the following happen during mitosis?

A cell's nucleus duplicates itself. Two new cells are formed.

______ is a parent-child relationship that is established through a social and legal process.

Adoption

______ try to figure out what is responsible for the differences among people: genes, environment, or a combination of these.

Behavior geneticists

______ are threadlike structures made up of strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Chromosomes

Which of the following is a chromosomally transmitted form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21?

Down syndrome

Which of the following are chromosomal abnormalities?

Down syndrome Turner syndrome fragile X syndrome

True or false: Children's development is solely the outcome of their heredity and environment.

False

True or false: Those with XYY syndrome are more prone to aggression and violence.

False

Males who have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY, have

Klinefelter syndrome.

A powerful magnet and a radio create images that generate a detailed picture of the body's organs and structures. This sort of screening is called a fetal __________

MRI or magnetic resonance imaging.

How are characteristics that suit a species for survival transmitted from one generation to the next?

The genetic code inherited from our parents

True or false: The emerging view is that complex behaviors are influenced by genes in ways that give people a propensity for a particular developmental trajectory as well as by complex environments.

True

A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing or part of one X chromosome is deleted is referred to as

Turner syndrome.

Someone with which of the following chromosomes has Turner syndrome?

XO

All of the following are characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome EXCEPT

an extra Y chromosome.

According to Gilbert Gottlieb's epigenetic view, which of the following characterizes the relationship between heredity and environment in development?

bidirectional

When a gamete is formed, sometimes the sperm or ovum does not have a normal set of 23 chromosomes. This is referred to as a(n) ______ abnormality.

chromosomal

There are times when abnormalities involve whole __________ that do not separate properly, whereas other abnormalities are produced by harmful genes.

chromosomes

The threadlike structures found in the nucleus of each human cell and made up of deoxyribonucleic acid are called

chromosomes.

The two new cells created by mitosis

contain the same DNA as the original cell.

According to developmental psychologist David Moore, genetic factors

do not determine phenotypes independently from the contexts in which they develop.

__________ syndrome results when a person inherits an extra copy of chromosome 21.

down

When couples experience infertility, the problem may lie with

either the woman or the man.

The ______ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.

epigenetic

Which psychological approach emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, and survival of the fittest in shaping behaviors?

evolutionary psychology

Genes are passed from generation to generation through three processes, called mitosis, meiosis, and __________

fertilization

What fetal screening method can provide more detailed images than an ultrasound?

fetal MRI

Which of the following tests can be used to indicate whether a fetus is developing normally?

fetal MRI ultrasound chorionic villus sampling amniocentesis

Interpreting the results of adoption and twin studies is difficult because of the complexities of

heredity-environment correlations.

According to evolutionary psychology, natural selection favors behaviors that

increase reproductive success.

If phenylketonuria (PKU) is not properly treated, it will lead to

intellectual disability.

According to the epigenetic view, development is

is due to heredity and environment each affecting the other

XYY syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which the

male has an extra Y chromosome.

Chromosomal abnormalities result when a chromosome does not separate properly during

meiosis.

A common outcome of fragile X syndrome is

mental deficiency

The evolutionary process by which the best-adapted individuals of a species survive and reproduce is called ______ selection.

natural

As the environment changes, some species adapt in a way that helps them survive and reproduce, while other species do not adapt well and die. This process is called

natural selection.

Sickle-cell anemia, in which the red blood cells cannot carry ______ properly and die quickly, occurs most often in African Americans.

oxygen

Which of the following is NOT one of behavior geneticist Sandra Scarr's hereditary-environment correlations?

phenotypic

Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize a certain amino acid and, if left untreated, causes intellectual disability?

phenylketonuria (PKU)

A dominant gene will override the potential influence of a __________ gene.

recessive

A ______ gene will only be expressed if a person does NOT have the ______ gene on the other half of a chromosome pair.

recessive; dominant

Human traits and characteristics that are genetically influenced have an evolutionary history that is

retained in our DNA.

Which genetic disorder occurs primarily in African Americans?

sickle cell anemia

Ultrasound sonography uses ______ directed toward the pregnant woman's abdomen that produce(s) a visual representation of the fetus.

sound waves

Prenatal diagnostic tests include all of the following EXCEPT

the Apgar Scale.

Which of the following are potential causes of infertility?

the woman does not ovulate blocked fallopian tubes low sperm production

Fragile X syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in which

there is an abnormality on the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks.

Which of the following would be most commonly used by a behavior geneticist?

twin or adoption studies

Normally conducted seven weeks into the pregnancy, ______ is used to detect structural abnormalities in the fetus and when used later in the pregnancy can help determine whether the baby is male or female.

ultrasound sonography