True/False Questions
Using an evolutionary framework, we would conclude that men evolved to do underwater welding and other dangerous jobs
False
We examined country by country data on the proportion of women in STEM. These data showed that more "gender-equal" a country is, the greater STEM participation among women in that country
False
When looking at data across multiple racial and ethnic groups, those groups which have experienced greater discrimination consistently have worse economic outcomes than those groups which have experienced lesser discrimination
False
If people use stereotypes or categorical information in judging another person, this can be take as evidence that the person is prejudiced toward that group
False, because even non-prejudiced people can store and be influenced by stereotypes
The early rise in births to unwed mothers and decline in marriage has been shown to be caused, at least in part, by the government welfare programs created during the 1960s.
True
The main conclusion of the Sowell reading is that differences in pay between men and women in the US today are primarily due to factors other than discrimination by employers
True
The rank ordering of different racial/ethnic groups in terms of classroom performance is the same as the rank ordering of groups in terms of standardized test performance (such as the SAT)
True
A distribution is a list of frequencies of some set of outcomes
True
Data on minority males vs. minority female outcomes generally support the "double-jeopardy" hypothesis from intersectionality theories
False
A 2017 study of dual-couple physicians found that male physicians were paid more than female physicians, even though male and female physicians both worked the same number of hours per week
False
A consistent pattern of those minority groups who have risen economically has been that they have first achieved political power, influencing legislation that then allowed them to rise economically
False
According to Sowell (2008b), changes over time in single-parent families for Black Families is most consistent with a "legacy of slavery" explanation
False
According to Sowell (2008b), the strongest economic rise of Blacks during the 20th century is best understood as a result of government laws and practices (such as Civil Rights Act and affirmative action programs)
False
According to Valla & Ceci (2014), the most productive way to increase women's participation in STEM is to strengthen young women's STEM ability
False
According to evolutionary psychology, we should expect the mind to have general, all purpose mechanism for learning
False
All cognitive processes we see in humans today can be understood as "adaptations"
False
As discussed in class, according to Arcidiacono & Lovenheim (2016) there will always be a net benefit to an individual student in attending a higher quality rather than lower quality college
False
Because there are no differences in college preparedness across different racial and ethnic groups, affirmative action programs cannot have negative unintended effects
False
Both Jews and the Overseas Chinese have generally been disliked by the native people in the regions in which these groups have settled. This dislike has prevented these groups from attaining economic success when living among such natives.
False
Family structure matters for child outcomes in that children living with both biological parents tend to have better outcomes than those children living with mothers who have never been married. However, data show that this is entirely due to differences in socio-economic status.
False
For visuospatial abilities, sex differences are small and unreliable
False
Given the definition from this unit, a behavior can be altruistic if there is no cost to the altruistic individual
False
Having good intentions will guarantee that your solutions to reducing inequality will be effective.
False
Hsin & Xie (2014) showed that Asian-American students did not have higher achievement in the classroom compared to White Students
False
If an event is a rare event, the likelihood of the event occurring *cannot* differ between groups
False
If two groups do not have larger average differences on some characteristic, then the groups cannot differ in any meaningful way that could result in disparate outcomes. For example, if men and women only differ in *average* quantitative ability by a *small amount*, then quantitative ability cannot account for why men and women earn mathematics degrees at different rates
False
If we want to know whether "equal pay for equal work" exists, it *would* be appropriate to compare the average income of all working men in the US with the average income of all working women in the US
False
Is the following statement an example of the moralistic fallacy? "Because animals in nature have been found to eat members of their own species, it is therefore OK to be a cannibal."
False
Prejudice requires power, and therefore only majority group members or high status individuals can be prejudice
False
Research on quantitative ability suggest that sex differences emerger only later in life, after boys and girls have taken different classes in school
False
Research on stereotype accuracy by Jussim and colleagues (2009) support the idea that stereotypes are learned by illusory correlation processes
False
Sherif's work on the Robber Cave Experiment showed that mere contact between groups was sufficient to reduce intergroup prejudice
False
Stereotype threat can explain achievement gaps between groups
False
Stereotype threat is a phenomenon limited to academic performance only
False
Teacher bias likely accounts for most of the differences across racial groups in school suspension and expulsion rates
False
The "blank slate" view of the human mind is correct.
False
The best explanation for women's underrepresentation in STEM is their lower average quantitative ability (as assessed by SAT-Math)
False
The changes in births to unwed mothers since the 1960s can largely be attributed to changes in attitudes toward birth control and sex outside of marriage.
False
The data we covered in class strongly support the notion that poorer economic performance among the lower income classes is due entirely to a lack of any jobs available for people at that level.
False
The evolutionary perspective supports the view that the brain evolved to care about race per se.
False
The fear of extinction research by Navarrete et al. (2009) supports the hypothesis that Whites show greater prejudice against Blacks (compared to Blacks against Whites).
False
The main conclusion of the Sowell reading is that strong evidence of gender discrimination in pay exists
False
The probability that a person likes pasta given that the person is Italian is the same as the probability that a person is Italian given the person likes pasta
False
There are no non-White minority groups in the U.S. who do better (in terms of economic achievement) than native White U.S. citizens.
False
Understanding a group's history of discrimination sufficiently explains that group's current economic achievement.
False
According to Valla & Ceci (2014), the most productive way to increase women's participation in STEM is to make it more interesting to women by emphasizing the social aspects of STEM
True
Cooperative learning and superordinate goals may both reduce intergroup prejudice by redefining outgroup members as part of the in-group
True
If more women join STEM disciplines and careers, it is necessarily true that the proportion of women in Psychology, English, Education, and other non-STEM fields will decline
True
Is the following statement an example of the Naturalistic fallacy? "Because animals in nature have been found to eat members of their own species, it is therefore OK to be a cannibal."
True
