Ch. 2 (Historical Perspectives) Questions

Who was the founder of American psychiatry? (A) Benjamin Rush (B) Sigmund Freud (C) John Watson (D) Dorothea Dix

(A) Benjamin Rush

Which of the following is true of general paresis? (A) It is characterized by delusions of grandeur, dementia, and progressive paralysis and is caused by a sexually transmitted spirochete. (B) It is a bizarre treatment for hysteria, from the early 1900s, in which individuals were exposed to blood infected with malaria. (C) It is a symptom of dissociative identity disorder, caused by severe psychological anguish stemming from ritual abuse. (D) It is an interesting side effect of hypnosis therapy, in which the hand or arm loses sensation and motor control while in the trance state.

(A) It is characterized by delusions of grandeur, dementia, and progressive paralysis and is caused by a sexually transmitted spirochete.

Who was the individual who was largely responsible for making the study of hysteria and hypnosis respectable areas of scientific investigation? (A) Jean-Martin Charcot (B) Franz Anton Mesmer (C) Ivan Pavlov (D) Philippe Pinel

(A) Jean-Martin Charcot

What was the main goal of asylums? (A) Meet the basic needs of those with mental illness (B) Treat individuals as out-patients (C) Restore individuals to perfect health (D) Use patients as part of their research studies

(A) Meet the basic needs of those with mental illness

The general heading of ______ became a catchall for techniques that induce altered states of consciousness. (A) Mesmerism (B) Behaviorism (C) Dualism (D) Monism

(A) Mesmerism

Emil Kraepelin's third category, paranoia, occurred less frequently than his other two symptom patterns and consisted of ______ symptom(s). (A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four

(A) One

Which of the following was the reason groups of people would dance in the streets during the Middle Ages? (A) Rid Themselves of Demons (B) Get Some Exercise (C) Balance Bodily Fluids (D) Treat Physical Illness

(A) Rid Themselves of Demons

What does the term tarantism refer to? (A) Demonology (B) Dancing Mania (C) Mesmerism (D) Spiritual Possession

(B) Dancing Mania

When Nataliia Shenger-Krestovnikova realized in her research that the dogs had generalized their response to similar shapes as the circle, she only gave the dogs food when she showed them circles and not ellipses. What conditioning process was Nataliia testing? (A) Generalization (B) Discrimination (C) Spontaneous Recovery (D) Neurosis

(B) Discrimination

Through classical conditioning, Little Albert learned to associate a white rat with fear. Little Albert also then became afraid of a rabbit, a dog, and a furry mask. In this example, Little Albert's conditioned fear showed ______ to similar objects. (A) Spontaneous Recovery (B) Generalization (C) Discrimination (D) Extinction

(B) Generalization

La belle indifference is a symptom of what type of psychological state? (A) Hypnosis (B) Hysteria (C) Paresis (D) Abasia

(B) Hysteria

Benjamin Rush advocated all of the following as effective treatments of abnormal behavior, except ______. (A) Spinning Patients on Boards (B) Laying on of hands (C) Bloodletting (D) Tranquilizing Chairs

(B) Laying on of hands

______ was used to treat general paresis by infecting the patient with the disease to cause a high temperature. (A) Conditioning Therapy (B) Malaria Fever Therapy (C) Syphilitic Therapy (D) Hysteria Therapy

(B) Malaria Fever Therapy

______ was a popular term in the late 1700s for procedures used to induce trances and other altered states of consciousness. (A) Conditioning (B) Mesmerism (C) Autosuggestion (D) Abasia

(B) Mesmerism

Lunatics were those whose mental illness was caused by ______. (A) Demons (B) Phases of the Moon (C) Hysteria (D) Bloodletting

(B) Phases of the Moon

What did Mesmerism become a popular term for? (A) Treatments for brain abnormalities (B) Procedures used to induce trancelike states (C) Research studies that explored the role of demons and evil spirits (D) The study of abnormal behavior caused by traumatic experiences

(B) Procedures used to induce trancelike states

Loud noises, such as his clock's alarm, cause Alvaro to startle into a state of high awareness. Just before the alarm goes off, the clock makes a light clicking noise, which initially Alvaro didn't even notice. Now that he has had the clock for some time, Alvaro has found that he startles into wakefulness when the clock makes the clicking noise, before the alarm even goes off. In this example, the unconditioned response is ______. (A) The Alarm (B) The Clicking Noise (C) Being Startled Into a State of High Awareness (D) Turning the Alarm Off

(C) Being Startled Into a State of High Awareness

A stimulus, such as a tone, bell, or light, is previously unable to produce salivation on its own. It is then paired with meat several times and can now produce salivation on its own. The tone, bell, or light are what type of stimulus? (A) Conditioned Response (B) Unconditioned Response (C) Conditioned Stimulus (D) Unconditioned Stimulus

(C) Conditioned Stimulus

What role did Dorothy Dix have in the treatment of mental patients? (A) Dix did not think those with mental illness should be treated with care. (B) Dix didn't think it mattered how you treated those with mental illness. (C) Dix was instrumental in improving the treatment of mental patients. (D) Dix did not have an interest in helping those with mental illness.

(C) Dix was instrumental in improving the treatment of mental patients.

Who was instrumental in founding or enlarging more than 30 state institutions for the proper custody and treatment of mental patients? (A) Philippe Pinel (B) William Tuke (C) Dorothea Dix (D) Sigmund Freud

(C) Dorothea Dix

______ developed an influential classification system for abnormal behavior based on patterns of symptoms. (A) Sigmund Freud (B) Jean-Martin Charcot (C) Emil Kraepelin (D) René Descartes

(C) Emil Kraepelin

Who was among the first to advocate naturalistic explanations for disturbed behaviors? (A) Franz Anton Mesmer (B) Philippe Pinel (C) Hippocrates (D) Dorothea Dix

(C) Hippocrates

In hemianesthesia, the whole of one side of the body becomes ______. (A) Extremely Cold (B) Overheated (C) Insensitive (D) Sensitive

(C) Insensitive

Instead of being worried or depressed about their physical symptoms, many hysterical patients appear calm and indeed quite cheerful in some cases, which is known as ______. (A) A Characteristic of Multiple Personality Disorder (B) Hemianesthesia (C) La Belle Indifférence (D) Dualism

(C) La Belle Indifférence

Ivan Pavlov undertook a series of experiments to understand the relationship between ______ and ______. (A) Naturalistic Explanations; The Organic View (B) The Organic View; Dualism (C) Learning; Behavior (D) Hysteria; Hypnosis

(C) Learning; Behavior

What were Kraepelin's two major classifications of symptoms? (A) General Paresis and Hysteria (B) Dementia Praecox and Hysteria (C) Manic-Depressive Psychosis and Dementia Praecox (D) Main-Depressive Psychosis and General Paresis

(C) Manic-Depressive Psychosis and Dementia Praecox

In the 1500s, what did Johann Weyer believe about witches? (A) He did not think witches existed. (B) Witches should be tortured and burned. (C) Many witches were mentally disturbed individuals who needed treatment. (D) Only those who intentionally signed a pact to do the devil's work were witches.

(C) Many witches were mentally disturbed individuals who needed treatment.

The first asylums devoted entirely to the care of the mentally impaired were frequently started by ______. (A) Governmental Officials (B) The Medical Community (C) Monasteries (D) Local Dignitaries

(C) Monasteries

______ is a learning process whereby a formerly neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response as a result of having been paired with another stimulus that already causes that response. (A) Generalization (B) Operate Conditioning (C) Pavlovian Conditioning (D) General Conditioning

(C) Pavlovian Conditioning

Pavlovian conditioning focuses on the stimuli that ______ the response; operant conditioning emphasizes the stimuli that ______ the response. (A) Follow/Follow (B) Precede/Precede (C) Precede/Follow (D) Follow/Precede

(C) Precede/Follow

Imbalances in the four important bodily fluids were thought to represent all EXCEPT which of the following? (A) Poor Sleep and Depression (B) Anger and Hot Temper (C) Spiritual and Demonic Possession (D) Suppressed Emotions

(C) Spiritual and demonic possession

What is the cause of general paresis? (A) Phases of the Moon (B) Masturbation (C) Syphilis (D) Malaria

(C) Syphilis

What was the purpose of malarial fever therapy? (A) To reduce the delusions of grandeur in the individual (B) To induce a trancelike state to rid the individual of demonic possession (C) To create a high fever in the patient and kill off the spirochete infection (D) To create a high fever in the patient and reverse the symptoms of dementia caused by a virus

(C) To create a high fever in the patient and kill off the spirochete infection

The use of tools to make a sizable hole in the skull to release demon sprits is called ______. (A) Electric Shock Therapy (B) Hysteria Therapy (C) Trephining (D) Mesmerism

(C) Trephining

During the 18th and 19th centuries, care for the mentally disturbed ______. (A) got worse in all asylums (B) stayed the same and most individuals were not treated humanely (C) improved to be more humanitarian (D) did not change because it was believed these individuals did not deserve to be treated with respect

(C) improved to be more humanitarian

Shifting from a demonology model to a naturalistic model is an example of ______. (A) Mesmerism (B) The Organic View (C) Dualism (D) A Paradigm Change

(D) A Paradigm Change

Which statement about Johann Weyer's view about witches is most accurate? (A) He thought witches should be allowed to do their witchcraft and help others. (B) Witches should be tortured. (C) Those who unwillingly became a witch should be treated. (D) A witch's deviant behavior should be treated with care and attention.

(D) A witch's deviant behavior should be treated with care and attention.

Benjamin Rush believed in all EXCEPT which of the following viewpoints? (A) Scientific (B) Astrological (C) Superstitious (D) Cognitive

(D) Cognitive

A campaign against the inhumane treatment conditions in U.S. asylums was started by which of the following individuals? (A) Franz Anton Mesmer (B) Emil Kraepelin (C) Rene Descartes (D) Dorothy Dix

(D) Dorothy Dix

______ occurs when the frequency and strength of the conditioned response tends to decrease, eventually to zero, after repeated presentations of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus. (A) Generalization (B) Discrimination (C) Spontaneous Recovery (D) Extinction

(D) Extinction

What is trephining? (A) A form of electric shock therapy (B) The process of restoring balance to bodily fluids. (C) An operant conditioning procedure that causes changes in behavior (D) Making a hole in the skull with the purpose of permitting trapped demons to escape.

(D) Making a hole in the skull with the purpose of permitting trapped demons to escape.

All of the following are TRUE about the conditions of asylums EXCEPT: (A) Asylums were noisy and chaotic. (B) Asylums became overcrowded and unsanitary. (C) Patients received food, shelter, and some attention. (D) Patients always received excellent care and attention.

(D) Patients always received excellent care and attention.

What role did Philippe Pinel have in the care of the mentally ill? (A) Pinel was not interested in improving care for the mentally ill. (B) Pinel believed that demonology played a role in mental illness. (C) Pinel thought those with mental illness could not be helped. (D) Pinel believed in humanitarian treatment of the mentally ill.

(D) Pinel believed in humanitarian treatment of the mentally ill.

______ is credited with the philosophical belief of the separation of the mind and the body. (A) Philippe Pinel (B) Ivan Pavlov (C) Sigmund Freud (D) René Descartes

(D) René Descartes

What is the relationship between witchcraft and abnormal behavior? (A) Only those who had signed a pact with the devil were able to help others. (B) Witches were appreciated for their witchcraft. (C) Witches were thought to have magical powers to help those in need. (D) Witches were ordinary people who were blamed for events they didn't cause.

(D) Witches were ordinary people who were blamed for events they didn't cause.