Ch. 2 Panopto Videos
Increased industrialization has caused a rise in harmful acid rain precipitation that affects plant and marine life. A sample of acid rain has a proton concentration 10,000 times greater than pure water and more than 100,000 times greater than seawater. What is the approximate pH of this sample?
10^-3
You have a solution with a pH of 4.7. What is the proton concentration of this solution?
2.0x10^-5
You have a solution with a proton concentration of 3.0x10-8 M. What is the pH of this solution?
7.5
Covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
Nonpolar covalent bond
A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity
Hydrogen bond
A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule
How many unpaired electrons does carbon contain?
Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons
Ionic bonding
Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions
Nonpolar
Electrons shared equally
Ionic bond
Exchange of electrons; one atom gives up an electron to another atom to fulfill its valence shell requirements
Polarity
Having some sort of directionality
What is the term of the interaction circled in this figure? (between O and H of different molecules)
Hydrogen bond
Farmer Jen adds lime (mostly calcium carbonate) to her soil to increase the pH from 4 to 6. What happens to the proton concentration in the soil?
It decreases by a factor of 100
Electrons
Negatively charged particles
Atomic number
Number of protons
Atomic mass
Number of protons and neutrons
What constitutes as a covalent bond?
Outer shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactory fill their respective orbitals
What is the term of the interaction circled in this figure? (between O and H of same molecule)
Polar covalent bond
Which kinds of bond are present in a single water molecule?
Polar covalent bonds
Protons
Positively charged particles
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?
The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages
Polar
Unequal sharing of electrons
Triple covalent bond
When 3 electrons are shared
Double covalent bond
When 4 electrons are shared
