Ch. 2 Panopto Videos

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Increased industrialization has caused a rise in harmful acid rain precipitation that affects plant and marine life. A sample of acid rain has a proton concentration 10,000 times greater than pure water and more than 100,000 times greater than seawater. What is the approximate pH of this sample?

10^-3

You have a solution with a pH of 4.7. What is the proton concentration of this solution?

2.0x10^-5

You have a solution with a proton concentration of 3.0x10-8 M. What is the pH of this solution?

7.5

Covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

Polar covalent bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally

Nonpolar covalent bond

A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity

Hydrogen bond

A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule

How many unpaired electrons does carbon contain?

Carbon has 4 unpaired electrons

Ionic bonding

Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions

Nonpolar

Electrons shared equally

Ionic bond

Exchange of electrons; one atom gives up an electron to another atom to fulfill its valence shell requirements

Polarity

Having some sort of directionality

What is the term of the interaction circled in this figure? (between O and H of different molecules)

Hydrogen bond

Farmer Jen adds lime (mostly calcium carbonate) to her soil to increase the pH from 4 to 6. What happens to the proton concentration in the soil?

It decreases by a factor of 100

Electrons

Negatively charged particles

Atomic number

Number of protons

Atomic mass

Number of protons and neutrons

What constitutes as a covalent bond?

Outer shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactory fill their respective orbitals

What is the term of the interaction circled in this figure? (between O and H of same molecule)

Polar covalent bond

Which kinds of bond are present in a single water molecule?

Polar covalent bonds

Protons

Positively charged particles

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages

Polar

Unequal sharing of electrons

Triple covalent bond

When 3 electrons are shared

Double covalent bond

When 4 electrons are shared


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