Ch 20 & 21

If proteins are allowed to accumulate in the interstitial space, they will

"hold water" and cause edema

Which of the following stimulates memory cells to produce antibody-secreting plasma cells?

A booster shot

Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a platelet deficiency?

A hyperactive spleen

Which of the following is true of activation of mast cells?

Causes the release of histamine

What is the name of the lymph nodes that drain the head and neck region?

Cervical

Which group is incorrect?

Chemical barriers: tears, saliva, stomach acid, B cells, T cells

Which of the following protective proteins swarm(s) the surface of a pathogen, punching holes in the membrane and enhancing phagocytosis?

Complement

Which of the following is characterized by a local tissue response to T cell activity?

Contact dermatitis

Which of the following describes the function of macrophages?

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation

What structures are located near the opening of the nasal cavity in the upper throat and are also called the adenoids?

Pharyngeal tonsils

Which of the following is (are) most related to antibody-mediated immunity?

Plasma cells

Which of the following is not a step in T-cell activation?

Production of antibody-secreting plasma cells

Why does lymph contain protein?

Protein leaks out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces and is absorbed into the lymphatic capillaries

Which of the following words means "fever producing"?

Pyrogenic

Which of the following is most associated with a low plasma level of antibodies?

The primary response

What happens if the lymphatic vessels and nodes are removed from the right axillary region?

The right arm will become edematous

Which of the following best describes the lymphatic capillaries?

They have large pores and follow venous pathways

Which of the following is least associated with tonsils?

Thrombopoiesis

What structure is concerned with the processing and maturation of T lymphocytes?

Thymus gland

Which lymphoid organ is located in the ventral cavity, thoracic cavity, and mediastinum?

Thymus gland

What is the term that refers to the level of antibodies in your blood?

Titer

Phagocytosis

does not require a specific antigen

Lymph node dissection is most likely to cause

edema

Elephantiasis is

edema formation in response to impaired lymphatic drainage

The Kupffer cells are fixed macrophages within the walls of the hepatic sinusoids and

engage in phagocytosis of pathogens in the blood coming from the organs of digestion.

he terms pyrexia, febrile, and pyrogenic all refer to

fever

Which of the following is true of Kupffer cells?

fixed macrophages

Lymph is

formed from tissue fluid

If you have a high measles antibody titer, you

have been exposed to the measles virus

Because antibodies are carried by the blood, this type of immunity is also called

humoral immunity

An antipyretic drug

lowers a fever

B and T cells are

lymphocytes

The spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and lymph nodes are

lymphoid organs

The purpose of vaccination is to provide an initial exposure to an antigen to stimulate the formation of

memory cells

B cell and T cell activity is most related to which of the following?

AMI and CMI

Which of the following is true about lymph? It is

Absorbed by lymphatic capillaries from interstitium

Which of the following is true of the B cell?

Activated in response to a specific antigen

Which of the following is not a step in the activation of a B lymphocyte?

Activation of cells that engage in cell-to-cell combat

Antibodies

All of the above are true

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the helper T cells, thereby

All of the above are true

Which of the following is true of the T cell?

All of the above are true

What is the name of a severe hypersensitivity reaction?

Anaphylaxis

What is (are) the lymphoid structure(s) that is (are) generally removed during a mastectomy?

Axillary lymph nodes

Which of the following represents specific immunity?

B and T cells

Which of the following are most associated with plasma cells and antibodies?

B cells

Which of the following is the treatment of choice for an anaphylactic reaction?

Epinephrine and steroid

With which of the following is MALT least associated?

Erythropoiesis

A person has an infection and his phagocytes respond appropriately by releasing pyrogens, thereby resetting the body's thermostat. What happens next?

He shivers, thereby producing heat

HIV ( Human Immonodeficiency Virus) produces severe impairment of the immune system by attacking which cells?

Helper T cells

Which cells secrete a cytokine that stimulates both T and B cells?

Helper T cells

Binding of the bee venom allergen to antibodies on the mast cells causes a massive release of which substance?

Histamine

Which of the following words are least characteristic of phagocytes?

IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE

What is the term that refers to the use of dead or attenuated pathogens to stimulate antibody production?

Immunization

Which of the following conditions is most common in people with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)?

Infections

Which of the following describes the effects of phagocytosis?

Ingestion and destruction of pathogens and other foreign substances

This is a group of proteins secreted by virally infected cells; the proteins prevent viral replication

Interferons

Which of the following is true about nonspecific immunity?

It includes processes such as inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever

Which of the following T cells destroy pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and secreting lymphokines?

Killer

With which of the following are lymph nodes populated?

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Which of the following cells engulf the pathogen to achieve "antigen presentation"?

Macrophages

Which of the following T cells do not participate in the destruction of the pathogen but allow for a more rapid response if the antigen is presented at a later time?

Memory T cells

Which of the following is least characteristic of the pharyngeal tonsils?

Most commonly removed by tonsillectomy

If you had measles as a child, which of the following best describes your immunity to measles?

Naturally acquired active immunity

Which of the following indicates why you will not get chickenpox as an adult if you were infected as a child?

Naturally acquired active immunity

A breast-fed infant is initially immune to the same diseases as her mom. Which of the following describes the infant's immunity?

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Which of the following is most related to the placental transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus?

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Which group is incorrect?

Nonspecific immunity: inflammation, NK cells, fever, T cells

This organ engages in erythropoiesis in the fetus, produces lymphocytes in the adult, and stores platelets

Spleen

Which cell engages in cell-to-cell combat?

T cell

Which of the following are classified as killer, helper, suppressor, and memory?

T cells

What is the primary concern regarding the care of a person experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?

The inability to breathe

Which of the following best explains the secondary response to a booster shot?

The presence of memory cells that can quickly produce plasma cells

What is the term that refers to the removal of the palatine tonsils?

Tonsillectomy

Which of the following is (are) described as partially encapsulated lymph nodes located in the throat area?

Tonsils

What is the name of the toxin that has been altered so that it is harmless yet still antigenic?

Toxoid

Which of the following best describes an abscess?

Walled off area of dead cells and their secretions

What is the effect of a massive release of histamine?

Wheezing and hypotension

A young woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. She is most apt to have

a sentinel node biopsy before the mastectomy is performed

Lymphatic capillaries

absorb tissue fluid and transport it toward the heart

IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG are

antibodies

An allergen is a(n)

antigen

Agglutination is the consequence of

antigen-antibody interaction

Plasma cells

are B-cell clones

The redness and heat associated with inflammation

are due to the release of histamine from injured tissue; it dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow to the inflamed area

What is the similarity between the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct? Both

are large lymphatic ducts that collect lymph from smaller lymphatic vessels

The inguinal lymph nodes

are located in the groin

Complement and interferons

are protective proteins that enhance the immune response to infection

An antigen-antibody interaction

causes agglutination

Inflammation is

characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain

Red pulp and white pulp

compose splenic tissue

A vaccine

conveys active immunity

Memory cells

increase the response time to an antigen

A booster

increases antibodies to an antigen

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are indicative of

inflammation

The plasma cells are least related to

interferons

Where does lymph originally come from?

interstitium

A lacteal is located within the

intestinal villus

Thymosin

is a hormone

A febrile seizure is a seizure that

is caused by a fever

The lymphatic circulation

is most closely associated with the venous side of the circulation

A person has a severe streptococcal pharyngitis (sore throat). He is most likely to develop

painful cervical lymph nodes

The subclavian veins

receive lymph from the large lymphatic ducts

The thoracic duct

receives lymph from large lymphatic vessels that drain the left side of the body

The spleen

removes worn-out blood cells from circulation

A severe anaphylactic reaction causes death by

respiratory obstruction

Lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax drains into the

right lymphatic duct

The plasma cells

secrete antibodies

The right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct empty into the

subclavian veins

An overly active spleen may prematurely remove platelets from the circulation, thereby predisposing a person to

thrombocytopenia and bleeding