Ch 20 & 21
If proteins are allowed to accumulate in the interstitial space, they will
"hold water" and cause edema
Which of the following stimulates memory cells to produce antibody-secreting plasma cells?
A booster shot
Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a platelet deficiency?
A hyperactive spleen
Which of the following is true of activation of mast cells?
Causes the release of histamine
What is the name of the lymph nodes that drain the head and neck region?
Cervical
Which group is incorrect?
Chemical barriers: tears, saliva, stomach acid, B cells, T cells
Which of the following protective proteins swarm(s) the surface of a pathogen, punching holes in the membrane and enhancing phagocytosis?
Complement
Which of the following is characterized by a local tissue response to T cell activity?
Contact dermatitis
Which of the following describes the function of macrophages?
Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
What structures are located near the opening of the nasal cavity in the upper throat and are also called the adenoids?
Pharyngeal tonsils
Which of the following is (are) most related to antibody-mediated immunity?
Plasma cells
Which of the following is not a step in T-cell activation?
Production of antibody-secreting plasma cells
Why does lymph contain protein?
Protein leaks out of the capillaries into the tissue spaces and is absorbed into the lymphatic capillaries
Which of the following words means "fever producing"?
Pyrogenic
Which of the following is most associated with a low plasma level of antibodies?
The primary response
What happens if the lymphatic vessels and nodes are removed from the right axillary region?
The right arm will become edematous
Which of the following best describes the lymphatic capillaries?
They have large pores and follow venous pathways
Which of the following is least associated with tonsils?
Thrombopoiesis
What structure is concerned with the processing and maturation of T lymphocytes?
Thymus gland
Which lymphoid organ is located in the ventral cavity, thoracic cavity, and mediastinum?
Thymus gland
What is the term that refers to the level of antibodies in your blood?
Titer
Phagocytosis
does not require a specific antigen
Lymph node dissection is most likely to cause
edema
Elephantiasis is
edema formation in response to impaired lymphatic drainage
The Kupffer cells are fixed macrophages within the walls of the hepatic sinusoids and
engage in phagocytosis of pathogens in the blood coming from the organs of digestion.
he terms pyrexia, febrile, and pyrogenic all refer to
fever
Which of the following is true of Kupffer cells?
fixed macrophages
Lymph is
formed from tissue fluid
If you have a high measles antibody titer, you
have been exposed to the measles virus
Because antibodies are carried by the blood, this type of immunity is also called
humoral immunity
An antipyretic drug
lowers a fever
B and T cells are
lymphocytes
The spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and lymph nodes are
lymphoid organs
The purpose of vaccination is to provide an initial exposure to an antigen to stimulate the formation of
memory cells
B cell and T cell activity is most related to which of the following?
AMI and CMI
Which of the following is true about lymph? It is
Absorbed by lymphatic capillaries from interstitium
Which of the following is true of the B cell?
Activated in response to a specific antigen
Which of the following is not a step in the activation of a B lymphocyte?
Activation of cells that engage in cell-to-cell combat
Antibodies
All of the above are true
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the helper T cells, thereby
All of the above are true
Which of the following is true of the T cell?
All of the above are true
What is the name of a severe hypersensitivity reaction?
Anaphylaxis
What is (are) the lymphoid structure(s) that is (are) generally removed during a mastectomy?
Axillary lymph nodes
Which of the following represents specific immunity?
B and T cells
Which of the following are most associated with plasma cells and antibodies?
B cells
Which of the following is the treatment of choice for an anaphylactic reaction?
Epinephrine and steroid
With which of the following is MALT least associated?
Erythropoiesis
A person has an infection and his phagocytes respond appropriately by releasing pyrogens, thereby resetting the body's thermostat. What happens next?
He shivers, thereby producing heat
HIV ( Human Immonodeficiency Virus) produces severe impairment of the immune system by attacking which cells?
Helper T cells
Which cells secrete a cytokine that stimulates both T and B cells?
Helper T cells
Binding of the bee venom allergen to antibodies on the mast cells causes a massive release of which substance?
Histamine
Which of the following words are least characteristic of phagocytes?
IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE
What is the term that refers to the use of dead or attenuated pathogens to stimulate antibody production?
Immunization
Which of the following conditions is most common in people with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)?
Infections
Which of the following describes the effects of phagocytosis?
Ingestion and destruction of pathogens and other foreign substances
This is a group of proteins secreted by virally infected cells; the proteins prevent viral replication
Interferons
Which of the following is true about nonspecific immunity?
It includes processes such as inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever
Which of the following T cells destroy pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and secreting lymphokines?
Killer
With which of the following are lymph nodes populated?
Lymphocytes and macrophages
Which of the following cells engulf the pathogen to achieve "antigen presentation"?
Macrophages
Which of the following T cells do not participate in the destruction of the pathogen but allow for a more rapid response if the antigen is presented at a later time?
Memory T cells
Which of the following is least characteristic of the pharyngeal tonsils?
Most commonly removed by tonsillectomy
If you had measles as a child, which of the following best describes your immunity to measles?
Naturally acquired active immunity
Which of the following indicates why you will not get chickenpox as an adult if you were infected as a child?
Naturally acquired active immunity
A breast-fed infant is initially immune to the same diseases as her mom. Which of the following describes the infant's immunity?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Which of the following is most related to the placental transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Which group is incorrect?
Nonspecific immunity: inflammation, NK cells, fever, T cells
This organ engages in erythropoiesis in the fetus, produces lymphocytes in the adult, and stores platelets
Spleen
Which cell engages in cell-to-cell combat?
T cell
Which of the following are classified as killer, helper, suppressor, and memory?
T cells
What is the primary concern regarding the care of a person experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?
The inability to breathe
Which of the following best explains the secondary response to a booster shot?
The presence of memory cells that can quickly produce plasma cells
What is the term that refers to the removal of the palatine tonsils?
Tonsillectomy
Which of the following is (are) described as partially encapsulated lymph nodes located in the throat area?
Tonsils
What is the name of the toxin that has been altered so that it is harmless yet still antigenic?
Toxoid
Which of the following best describes an abscess?
Walled off area of dead cells and their secretions
What is the effect of a massive release of histamine?
Wheezing and hypotension
A young woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. She is most apt to have
a sentinel node biopsy before the mastectomy is performed
Lymphatic capillaries
absorb tissue fluid and transport it toward the heart
IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG are
antibodies
An allergen is a(n)
antigen
Agglutination is the consequence of
antigen-antibody interaction
Plasma cells
are B-cell clones
The redness and heat associated with inflammation
are due to the release of histamine from injured tissue; it dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow to the inflamed area
What is the similarity between the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct? Both
are large lymphatic ducts that collect lymph from smaller lymphatic vessels
The inguinal lymph nodes
are located in the groin
Complement and interferons
are protective proteins that enhance the immune response to infection
An antigen-antibody interaction
causes agglutination
Inflammation is
characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Red pulp and white pulp
compose splenic tissue
A vaccine
conveys active immunity
Memory cells
increase the response time to an antigen
A booster
increases antibodies to an antigen
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are indicative of
inflammation
The plasma cells are least related to
interferons
Where does lymph originally come from?
interstitium
A lacteal is located within the
intestinal villus
Thymosin
is a hormone
A febrile seizure is a seizure that
is caused by a fever
The lymphatic circulation
is most closely associated with the venous side of the circulation
A person has a severe streptococcal pharyngitis (sore throat). He is most likely to develop
painful cervical lymph nodes
The subclavian veins
receive lymph from the large lymphatic ducts
The thoracic duct
receives lymph from large lymphatic vessels that drain the left side of the body
The spleen
removes worn-out blood cells from circulation
A severe anaphylactic reaction causes death by
respiratory obstruction
Lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax drains into the
right lymphatic duct
The plasma cells
secrete antibodies
The right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct empty into the
subclavian veins
An overly active spleen may prematurely remove platelets from the circulation, thereby predisposing a person to
thrombocytopenia and bleeding