Ch 20 - Lymphatic vessels

Define Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?

.tissue located in mucus membranes that help protect from pathogens trying to enter the body

Appendix

A small, fingerlike extension of the vertebrate cecum; FUNCTION: contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity.

Start: Lymphatic capillaries -> collecting lymphatic vessels->lymph nodes> lymphatic trunk->Lymphatic duct. END

Describe the organization of the lymphatic system

Lymph nodes

FUNCTION: filter lymph

Spleen

FUNCTION: lymphocyte proliferation site; removes old and defected RBC; stores platelets and monocytes; has macrophages to remove foreign debris.

Cisterna chyli

Function to collects lymphatics from the lower extremities and from the intestinal tract

Thymus

Function: produce mature T cells

The right lymph duct and thoracic duct empty their lymph into their venous circulation at the junction of the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein.

How lymph is returned to the cardiovascular system.?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Lymphoid tissues associated with the digestive system. FUNCTION: help filter our germs that enter through your nose or mouth

Which of the following is a function only of the lymph nodes and NOT the other lymphoid organs? a. Filter lymph b. Store lymphocytes c. Fight infection d. Generate memory lymphocytes

a. Filter lymph

The thymus is important for: a. T lymphocyte maturation. b. removal of foreign antigens c. B lymphocyte maturation. d. secretion of hormones that promote B lymphocyte immunocompetence.

a. T lymphocyte maturation.

MALT would most likely be found here. a. Throat b. CNS c. Dermis d. Peritoneal surface

a. Throat

A primary lymphoid organ, where T cells mature. a. Thymus b. Red bone marrow c. Lymph nodes d. Tonsils e. Spleen f. Peyer's patches

a. Thymus

Lymphatic vessels: a. collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces. b. drain blood from lymph nodes c. are part of the venous system d. are built like arteries

a. collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces.

lymph exits a lymph node by way of the ______. a. efferent vessels b. trabeculae c. medullary sinus d. afferent vessels e. germinal center

a. efferent vessels

Aged RBCs and pathogens are destroyed in the _____. a. red pulp of the spleen b. appendix c. white pulp of the spleen d. tubal tonsils

a. red pulp of the spleen

Macrophages would most likely be found in this portion of the spleen. a. splenic cords b. white pulps c. brown pulps d. Hassall's corpuscles

a. splenic cords

These cells populate the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. a. T lymphocytes b. B lymphocytes c. reticular cells d. macrophages

b. B lymphocytes

Isolated areas of lymphoid found in the intestinal mucosa are called ______. a. lacteals b. Peyer's patches c. germinal centers d. Brunner's glands

b. Peyer's patches

Of the following, what is the other primary lymphoid organ, where B cells mature. a. Thymus b. Red bone marrow c. Lymph nodes d. Tonsils e. Spleen f. Peyer's patches

b. Red bone marrow

What causes the pooling of lymph inside a lymph node? a. Macrophages inspect the lymph before allowing it to exit the lymph node. b. There are more afferent lymph vessels than efferent lymph vessels. c. Trabeculae act as valves to slow the flow of lymph. d. Subcapsular sinuses drain the lymph.

b. There are more afferent lymph vessels than efferent lymph vessels.

Fluid enters the lymphatic system directly from the _________. a. blood capillaries b. interstitial space c. lymph-collecting ducts d. lymph trunks

b. interstitial space

These highly specialized lymph capillaries are found in the intestinal mucosa. a. cisternae chyli b. lacteals c. Peyer's patches d. thoracic ducts

b. lacteals

Lymphatic capillaries owe their permeability to the presence of: a. an open end that siphons fluid from the interstitial fluid. b. mini valves in their walls c. tight junctions between adjacent cells. d. proteins in the lymph fluid

b. mini valves in their walls

These cells are able to produce antibodies. a. T lymphocytes b. plasma cells c. macrophages d. dendritic cells

b. plasma cells

Large clusters of lymph nodes are found near the body surfaces in all of the following areas EXCEPTS the _______. a. axillary region b. popliteal region c. inguinal region d. cervical region

b. popliteal region

The largest lymphoid organ in the human body is the _____. a. liver b. spleen c. thymus d. intestine

b. spleen

The _____ is the largest lymphoid organ. a. lymph node. b. spleen. c. thymus d. tonsil

b. spleen.

B cells are found in all of the following except ________. a. spleen b. thymus c. tonsil d. appendix

b. thymus

The lymphoid organ that does NOT directly fight antigen is the _____. a. spleen b. thymus c. tonsil d. appendix

b. thymus

This organ ensures that the T lymphocytes are immunocompetent. a. spleen b. thymus c. liver d. thyroid gland

b. thymus

Of the following, which filter lymph a. Thymus b. Red bone marrow c. Lymph nodes d. Tonsils e. Spleen f. Peyer's patches

c. Lymph nodes

Which cell type in the lymph node has an active role in filtering the lymph? a. T cells b. B cells c. Macrophages d. Reticular cells

c. Macrophages

These connective tissue strands divide lymph nodes into compartments. a. capsules b. Cisternea c. Trabeculae d. Valves

c. Trabeculae

Lymph tends to stall inside lymph nodes. This is due to: a. small-diameter spaces within the medulla b. the large volume of lymph entering the node. c. fewer efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels. d. fewer afferent lymphatic vessels than efferent lymphatic vessels.

c. fewer efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels.

Which lymphatic vessel is responsible for draining the lower limbs? a. subclavian trunk b. right lymphatic duct c. lumbar trunk d. jugular trunk

c. lumbar trunk

Once fluid enters the lymphatic system it is called ________. a. tissue fluid b. blood c. lymph d. plasma

c. lymph

All of the following blood cells are classified as granulocytes EXCEPT: a. neutrophil b. eosinophil c. lymphocyte d. basophil

c. lymphocyte

Macrophages are concentrated in which portion of the lymph node? a. cortex b. sinuses c. medulla d. capsule

c. medulla

These cells produce the fiber stroma of the lymph organs. a. macrophages b. dendritic cells c. reticular cells d. plasma cells

c. reticular cells

Blind-ended crypts are found in the _____. a. spleen b. thymus c. tonsils d. appendix

c. tonsils

Tonsils promote memory of pathogens by: a. secreting antibodies into the blood. b. trapping food particles to support bacterial growth. c. trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory. d. producing B lymphocytes.

c. trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory.

______ can enter lymph capillaries. a. bacteria b. large proteins c. interstitial fluid d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following statement about the spleen is FALSE? a. It stores platelets. b. It produces red blood cells in the fetus c. It removes debris and foreign matter from the blood. d. It atrophies after puberty.

d. It atrophies after puberty.

All of the following statements are true of most lymph tissues EXCEPT which one? a. They house lymphocytes and macrophages. b. They are composed largely of reticular connective tissue. c. They are the site of lymphocyte proliferation. d. The B lymphocytes are able to secrete antigens into the blood.

d. The B lymphocytes are able to secrete antigens into the blood.

Which contains germinal center and crypts a. Thymus b. Red bone marrow c. Lymph nodes d. Tonsils e. Spleen f. Peyer's patches

d. Tonsils

The thoracic duct receives lymph from ______. a. the upper left body b. the upper right body c. the lower body d. both a and c

d. both a and c

Which of the following contribute(s) to the flow of lymph through lymphatic vessels? a. The pumping of the heart b. The milking action of skeletal muscle contraction c. Pressure changes in the thorax that results from breathing d. both b and c

d. both b and c

Which of the following lymphoid cells is responsible for capturing antigens and bringing them to the lymph nodes? a. macrophages b. B lymphocytes c. reticular cells d. dendritic cells

d. dendritic cells

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for moving lymph along lymphatic vessels? a. valves to prevent backflow b. pressure changes in the thorax during breathing c. milking action of active skeletal muscles d. pumping of lymph by the heart

d. pumping of lymph by the heart

Which of the following tissues is NOT considered part of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue(MALT)? a. Peyer's patches b. Appendix c. Tonsils d. spleen

d. spleen

Regulatory T cell development occurs at what structure? a. capsule b. medulla c. cortex d. thymic corpuscle

d. thymic corpuscle

All of the following are secondary lymphoid organs EXCEPT: a. tonsils b. Peyer's patches c. spleen d. thymus

d. thymus

Contains red pulp that is responsible for the removal of aging RBCs. a. Thymus b. Red bone marrow c. Lymph nodes d. Tonsils e. Spleen f. Peyer's patches

e. Spleen

lymph

function in managing the fluid levels in the body; a clear fluid that travels through the lymphatic systems and carries cells that help fight infection and other disease.

T cells

function to activate immune response and destroy infected cells.

Dendrtic cells

function to capture antigens and bring them to lymph nodes

right lymphatic duct

function to drain the right thorax, upper limb, head, and neck.

Macrophages

function to phagocytize foreign matter/debris and activate T cells

B cells

function to produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies which mark antigens for destruction.

Reticular cells

function to produce reticular fiber stroma, the scaffolding-like network that supports the lymphoid cells.

lymphatic system

function to return leaked fluids and plasma protein from the vascular system back to the blood.

Thoracic duct

function to transport back into the circulatory system

lymph capillaries

function to transport filter lymphatic fluid from your body's cells and tissues

Red Bone Marrow

functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets; found in the cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults

Lingual tonsils

located at the base of the tongue FUNCTION: prevent infections

palatine tonsils

located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth

What is the correct pathway of lymph flow from the interstitial space.

lymphatic capillaries --> collecting vessels --> trunks -->ducts --> subclavian veins

Pharyngeal tonsils

posterior wall of nasopharynx also known as the adenoids FUNCTION: help protect from pathogens trying to enter the body.