Chapter 19: Preventative and corrective oral appliances

what are the three functions of a TMJ splint?

1. keeping the teeth separated 2. taking stress off the joints 3. protecting the teeth

what are the three basic types of mouth guards for sports?

1. stock guards 2. boil-and-bite guards 3. custom-fit guards

the risk for oral/jaw injuries increases by approx. ___ to ___ time when guards are not worn

1.5 to 2 times

less physical sports the thickness ___ mm may suffice

2 mm

for heavy contact sports the thickness should be about ____ mm

5 mm

sports guards can absorb about ___% of the energy from a traumatic hit to the mouth

80%

space maintainer

A fixed or removable appliance used to prevent adjacent teeth from drifting into the space created when a tooth is lost

what occl guard splint only covers anterior teeth?

NTI splint (think of mrs. croft's "jig")

what is often caused by the relaxation of the muscles that support the soft palate, uvula, and tongue, causing a narrowing or closing of the airway

OSA and snoring

what brand is the leading custom fabricated sports mouth guard?

Playsafe

some people with OSA may wear ?

a CPAP machine that provides continuous positive flow of air to keep the airway open

palatal expansion device

a fixed appliance used to expand the maxillary arch forcing the maxillary plates apart very slowly while the maxilla is still in development

crossbite corrector

a fixed or removable appliance used to correct teeth in mal-alignment where the maxillary teeth are positioned lingual to the mandibular teeth

thumb sucking device

a fixed or removable appliance used to discourage tongue thrusting and thumb sucking

obstructive sleep apnea

a sleep disorder caused when the muscles that support the soft palate, uvula, and tongue relax and the airway narrows or closes

what is hard night guard material made out of?

acrylic

mouth guard

an appliance made of hard or pliable material that protects teeth from trauma during sports activities or from grinding of the teeth

soft acrylic night guards

best suited for pts who do not grind their teeth heavily/reg can be made in office or in dental lab

which type of guard can provide false protection as they can become very thin when an athlete bites too far into them in a softened state?

boil-and-bite

what kind of mouth guard is constructed of a horseshoe shaped, flexible thermoplastic material that softens when heated?

boil-and-bite key word - heated

What happens with OSA?

breathing becomes inadequate or stops for a few seconds, causing the blood oxygen level to drop this alerts the brain to wake the person up just enough to reopen the airway often short gasping breaths are taken until the oxygen level is restored

obstructive sleep apnea can lead to:

chronic fatigue HBP heart problems

this appliance is utilized to correct a mal-occl where the the max teeth are positioned lingually to the mandibular teeth

cross-bite corrector

what kind of guard can be made from a single layer of material or from pressure-laminated material in a commercial dental laboratory?

custom fit

what is the most common typeof orofacial injury standards sustained during sports?

dental injuries

hardy acrylic night guards

fabricated in dental lab used for pt's that grind their teeth heavily and frequently

hard and soft laminate guards

for pts that need durability of a head occl surface but like the feel of the soft material hard on the biting surface and soft internally soft on soft tissue

three types of materials used in the making of night guards are

hard soft hard and soft

what are the serious potential problems with OSA

hypertension heart attack heart failure stroke

what is the hard and soft night guard material made out of?

laminates of hard and soft thermoplastic materials

risk factors for OSA:

large neck obesity chronic nasal congestion HBP diabetes smoking alcohol use narrow airway

custom-fit

made specifically to fit one individual

a palatal expander is a fixed appliance used to expand the:

maxillary arch

what can lead to serious health issues if not treated?

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

what are the names of the guards used to protect the teeth from bruxism?

occlusal guards bite splints night guards

which kind of custom fit sports guard is fabricated in dental labs and are highly recommended for contact sports?

pressure-laminated sports guard

the purpose of sports guards is to?

protect the teeth and their supporting structures (gingival tissues/bone)

orthodontic tooth aligners

removable appliances that are designed to gently move teeth into predetermined positions

what are the two ways a night guard can be fabricated?

single layer thermoplastic materials (soft guards) processed acrylic (hard guards)

which mouth guard has the poorest fit, uncomfortable for the patient to wear, provide the lease amount of protection and is not adapted to the patient's bite

stock guard

When a soft mouth guard is prescribed by the dentist, fabrication can be done by a the assistant b the hygienist c dds d all the above

the assistant the hygienist dds

custom-made mouth guards and splints may be made of:

thermoplastic resident plastic or hard processed acrylic resin

what is the soft night guard material made out of?

thermoplastic sheets of polyvinyl

the main purpose of a sports mouth guard is:

to help protect the teeth and supporting structures during contact sports

true or false: a single layer custom fit guard can be fabricated in the dental office or a commercial laboratory?

true

true or false: a sports guard can mitigate or prevent some concussions?

true

true or false: a sports guard can prevent lacerations to lips for athletes w/ ortho braces/brackets and protect bridges, crowns, or veneers

true

true or false: a tmj splint can be made from both hard to soft acrylic

true

true or false: middle aged men are 2x more likely than woman to have OSA

true

true or false: the guard DOES NOT stop the grinding habit, but it protects the teeth from wearing, chipping, and even fracture of the cusps

true

true or false: the heavier the contact is in the sport, the thicker the guard should be to provide maximal protection

true

sports guards usually cover the ___, ___, and ____

upper teeth, gingiva, and bone

what is the surgical treatment for OSA?

uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

what are the common signs of chronic bruxing?

wear facets chipping and wear of incisal edges stress cracks in teeth fractured cusps cracked teeth mobility enlarged masseters sore muscles of mastication

treatment for OSA?

weight loss exercise reduce alcohol quit smoking sleeping on one side use nasal decongestants

can a sports guard cover the both arches at the same time?

yes