Chapter 19: Preventative and corrective oral appliances
what are the three functions of a TMJ splint?
1. keeping the teeth separated 2. taking stress off the joints 3. protecting the teeth
what are the three basic types of mouth guards for sports?
1. stock guards 2. boil-and-bite guards 3. custom-fit guards
the risk for oral/jaw injuries increases by approx. ___ to ___ time when guards are not worn
1.5 to 2 times
less physical sports the thickness ___ mm may suffice
2 mm
for heavy contact sports the thickness should be about ____ mm
5 mm
sports guards can absorb about ___% of the energy from a traumatic hit to the mouth
80%
space maintainer
A fixed or removable appliance used to prevent adjacent teeth from drifting into the space created when a tooth is lost
what occl guard splint only covers anterior teeth?
NTI splint (think of mrs. croft's "jig")
what is often caused by the relaxation of the muscles that support the soft palate, uvula, and tongue, causing a narrowing or closing of the airway
OSA and snoring
what brand is the leading custom fabricated sports mouth guard?
Playsafe
some people with OSA may wear ?
a CPAP machine that provides continuous positive flow of air to keep the airway open
palatal expansion device
a fixed appliance used to expand the maxillary arch forcing the maxillary plates apart very slowly while the maxilla is still in development
crossbite corrector
a fixed or removable appliance used to correct teeth in mal-alignment where the maxillary teeth are positioned lingual to the mandibular teeth
thumb sucking device
a fixed or removable appliance used to discourage tongue thrusting and thumb sucking
obstructive sleep apnea
a sleep disorder caused when the muscles that support the soft palate, uvula, and tongue relax and the airway narrows or closes
what is hard night guard material made out of?
acrylic
mouth guard
an appliance made of hard or pliable material that protects teeth from trauma during sports activities or from grinding of the teeth
soft acrylic night guards
best suited for pts who do not grind their teeth heavily/reg can be made in office or in dental lab
which type of guard can provide false protection as they can become very thin when an athlete bites too far into them in a softened state?
boil-and-bite
what kind of mouth guard is constructed of a horseshoe shaped, flexible thermoplastic material that softens when heated?
boil-and-bite key word - heated
What happens with OSA?
breathing becomes inadequate or stops for a few seconds, causing the blood oxygen level to drop this alerts the brain to wake the person up just enough to reopen the airway often short gasping breaths are taken until the oxygen level is restored
obstructive sleep apnea can lead to:
chronic fatigue HBP heart problems
this appliance is utilized to correct a mal-occl where the the max teeth are positioned lingually to the mandibular teeth
cross-bite corrector
what kind of guard can be made from a single layer of material or from pressure-laminated material in a commercial dental laboratory?
custom fit
what is the most common typeof orofacial injury standards sustained during sports?
dental injuries
hardy acrylic night guards
fabricated in dental lab used for pt's that grind their teeth heavily and frequently
hard and soft laminate guards
for pts that need durability of a head occl surface but like the feel of the soft material hard on the biting surface and soft internally soft on soft tissue
three types of materials used in the making of night guards are
hard soft hard and soft
what are the serious potential problems with OSA
hypertension heart attack heart failure stroke
what is the hard and soft night guard material made out of?
laminates of hard and soft thermoplastic materials
risk factors for OSA:
large neck obesity chronic nasal congestion HBP diabetes smoking alcohol use narrow airway
custom-fit
made specifically to fit one individual
a palatal expander is a fixed appliance used to expand the:
maxillary arch
what can lead to serious health issues if not treated?
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
what are the names of the guards used to protect the teeth from bruxism?
occlusal guards bite splints night guards
which kind of custom fit sports guard is fabricated in dental labs and are highly recommended for contact sports?
pressure-laminated sports guard
the purpose of sports guards is to?
protect the teeth and their supporting structures (gingival tissues/bone)
orthodontic tooth aligners
removable appliances that are designed to gently move teeth into predetermined positions
what are the two ways a night guard can be fabricated?
single layer thermoplastic materials (soft guards) processed acrylic (hard guards)
which mouth guard has the poorest fit, uncomfortable for the patient to wear, provide the lease amount of protection and is not adapted to the patient's bite
stock guard
When a soft mouth guard is prescribed by the dentist, fabrication can be done by a the assistant b the hygienist c dds d all the above
the assistant the hygienist dds
custom-made mouth guards and splints may be made of:
thermoplastic resident plastic or hard processed acrylic resin
what is the soft night guard material made out of?
thermoplastic sheets of polyvinyl
the main purpose of a sports mouth guard is:
to help protect the teeth and supporting structures during contact sports
true or false: a single layer custom fit guard can be fabricated in the dental office or a commercial laboratory?
true
true or false: a sports guard can mitigate or prevent some concussions?
true
true or false: a sports guard can prevent lacerations to lips for athletes w/ ortho braces/brackets and protect bridges, crowns, or veneers
true
true or false: a tmj splint can be made from both hard to soft acrylic
true
true or false: middle aged men are 2x more likely than woman to have OSA
true
true or false: the guard DOES NOT stop the grinding habit, but it protects the teeth from wearing, chipping, and even fracture of the cusps
true
true or false: the heavier the contact is in the sport, the thicker the guard should be to provide maximal protection
true
sports guards usually cover the ___, ___, and ____
upper teeth, gingiva, and bone
what is the surgical treatment for OSA?
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
what are the common signs of chronic bruxing?
wear facets chipping and wear of incisal edges stress cracks in teeth fractured cusps cracked teeth mobility enlarged masseters sore muscles of mastication
treatment for OSA?
weight loss exercise reduce alcohol quit smoking sleeping on one side use nasal decongestants
can a sports guard cover the both arches at the same time?
yes