ch 21

The immune system cell type that is preferentially destroyed by the Epstein-Barr virus in mononucleosis is the A) B lymphocyte. B) cytotoxic T lymphocyte. C) helper T lymphocyte. D) macrophage.

B lymphocyte

A person with many enlarged lymph nodes that do not feel tender or sore is most likely to have A) lymphangitis. B) mononucleosis. C) Hodgkin's lymphoma. D) buboes.

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts. A) aggregated lymphoid nodules B) tonsils C) MALT D) lacteals E) crypts

MALT

One location where lymphoid tissue is found is "in the frequently infected mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts." Specifically, this refers to A) intestinal and bronchomediastinal lymph trunks. B) the intestinal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes. C) the cisterna chyli and lactealss D MALT

MALT

) By secreting hormones, the thymus causes which cells to become immunocompetent? A) T lymphocytes B) B lymphocytes C) macrophages D) monocytes

T lymphocytes

Which of the following might explain why most people are sick more often as children than as adults in their 20s through 50s? A) The immune system does not appear until the preteen years. B) The thymus is so active in children that it fights bacteria so hard that it produces strong symptoms of disease. C) Because of their small size, children's bodies cannot contain as much lymphoid tissue as those of adults. D) We build up many varieties of memory lymphocytes during childhood, providing immunity to more and more antigens during adulthood.

We build up many varieties of memory lymphocytes during childhood, providing immunity to more and more antigens during adulthood.

A lymphoid nodule is A) a small lymph node. B) a type of lymphoma. C) a bulge in a lymphatic collecting vessel. D) a cluster of densely packed lymphocytes

a cluster of densely packed lymphocytes

Lymph vessels drain lymph from all the lymphoid organs (simply because lymph vessels drain almost all organs of the body). However, lymph vessels enter (empty into) only one type of lymphoid organ. The only organ with such afferent lymph vessels is A) a lymph node. B) the spleen. C) the appendix. D) the thymus

a lymph node

Edema is A) a form of cancer. B) an infection of the lymphatic vessels. C) an infection of the lymph nodes. D) the accumulation of excess tissue fluid in loose connective tissue.

accumulation of excess tissue fluid in loose connective tissue

) The distal region of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called A) pancreatic islets. B) aggregated lymphoid follicles. C) rugae. D) villi.

aggregated lymphoid follciles

A bubo is A) an infected lymph node containing a large number of pathogens that are trapped in the node but not destroyed. B) a cancer-infiltrated lymph node. C) any enlarged lymph node. D) a structure that is unrelated to lymph nodes.

an infected lymph node containing a large number of pathogens that are trapped in the node but not destroyed

B lymphocytes are to ________ as T lymphocytes are to ________. A) antibodies; antigens B) antibodies; programmed cell death C) antigens; antibodies D) programmed cell death; antibodies

antibodies, programmed cell death

) The lymph trunk that drains the thoracic organs is called the A) posterior intercostal trunk. B) great cardiac trunk. C) bronchomediastinal trunk. D) azygos trunk.

bronchomediastinal trunk

) Lymphatic vessels perform all of the following functions except A) returning excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream. B) returning leaked blood proteins to the bloodstream. C) transporting digested fats. D) carrying blood.

carrying blood

The thymus is most active during A) fetal development. B) adolescence. C) old age. D) childhood.

childhood

The sinuses within lymph nodes A) are separated from the bloodstream by a blood-node barrier. B) consist of star-shaped epithelial cells that secrete immune-boosting hormones. C) contain macrophages living along a reticular fiber network. D) surround clumps of lymphoid tissue called white pulp.

contain macrophanges living along a reticular fiber network

Blind-end invaginations of tonsil epithelium that trap bacteria and particulate matter. A) aggregated lymphoid nodules B) tonsils C) MALT D) lacteals E) crypts

crypts

Which cell has the responsibility of presenting foreign antigens to lymphocytes? A) cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte B) dendritic cell C) helper CD4+ T lymphocyte D) natural killer

dendritic cell

) The largest kind of lymphatic vessel is a lymphatic A) duct. B) trunk. C) sinus. D) capillary.

duct

Lymph leaves a lymph node via A) afferent lymphatic vessels. B) efferent lymphatic vessels. C) the cortical lymph sinus. D) the subcapsular sinus.

efferent lymphatic vessels

In a histological cross section through an artery, a vein, and a lymphatic vessel, one can recognize the lymphatic vessel because it A) has the fewest valves. B) has the thinnest walls. C) has the thickest tunica media. D) always lies closest to the artery, which has the thinnest walls.

has the thinnest walls

Which cell secretes cytokines that will stimulate the proliferation of other types of immune cells? A) cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte B) dendritic cell C) helper CD4+ T lymphocyte D) natural killer cell

helper CD4 T lymphocyte

The immune system cell type that is preferentially destroyed by the AIDS virus is the A) B lymphocyte. B) cytotoxic T lymphocyte. C) helper T lymphocyte. D) helper B lymphocyte

helper T lymphocyte

Clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following sites except A) along the aorta. B) in the mediastinum. C) in bones and bone marrow. D) in the inguinal region.

in bones and bone marrow

In lymph nodes, follicles are always located A) in the cortex. B) near the hilum. C) in the lymph sinuses. D) in the medullary cords.

in the cortex

Lymphatic ducts deliver lymph to the cardiovascular system proximal to the A) external jugular veins. B) inferior vena cava just below the right atrium. C) internal jugular and subclavian veins. D) superior vena cava and azygos vein.

internal jugular and subclavian veins

The lymph trunk that contains chyle and is unpaired is the A) intestinal. B) subclavian. C) jugular. D) right lymph trunk.

intestinal

Which of the following statements about the right lymph duct is false? A) Not all people have one. B) This duct and its tributaries drain the superior right quarter of the body. C) It empties into the thoracic duct. D) It forms from the union of a jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunk.

it empties into the thoracic duct

Set of lymphatic capillaries that collect fat-laden fluids from the intestinal tract. A) lumbar trunks B) subclavian trunks C) bronchomediastinal trunks D) lacteals E) intestinal trunk

lacteals

) The tonsil located on the posterior surface of the tongue is the ________ tonsil. A) palatine B) pharyngeal C) tubal D) lingual

lingual

Which of the following is not classified as a lymphoid organ? A) liver B) spleen C) tonsils D) aggregated nodules in the intestine

liver

) Lymphocytes attack antigens mostly in lymphoid organs (except the thymus) and in A) loose connective tissue. B) the bloodstream. C) cartilage. D) the thyroid.

loose connective tissue

The paired lymph trunks that carry lymph from the lower limbs are the A) cisterna chyli. B) iliac trunks. C) lumbar trunks. D) femoral trunks.

lumbar trunks

Structures comprised of endothelial cells separated by flaplike minivalves that are opened as fluid accumulates in peripheral tissue describes A) blood capillaries. B) lymph nodes. C) lymph capillaries. D) cisterna chyli. E) thoracic duct

lymph capillaries

Small, bean-shaped organs abundant in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions. A) lymphatic capillaries B) afferent lymphatic vessels C) lymphatic ducts D) lymph nodes E) lacteals

lymph nodes

) Which of the following is not a part of MALT? A) lymphoid tissue in the appendix B) lymphoid tissue in the tonsils C) aggregated lymphoid nodules D) lymphocytes in the spleen

lymphocytes in the spleen

Masses of lymphoid tissue within a lymph node. A) trabeculae B) hilum C) lymphoid follicles D) white pulp E) subcapsular sinus

lymphoid follicles

The lymphatic capillaries are A) more permeable than blood capillaries. B) less permeable than blood capillaries. C) as permeable as blood capillaries. D) completely impermeable

more permeable than blood capillaries

Given that a germinal center arises from a single activated lymphocyte, how many different kinds of antibodies are secreted by a single germinal center (and by the plasma cells it produces)? A) none; T cells do not produce antibodies B) one C) several dozen D) thousands

one

) Because the appendix is a narrow tube, it traps microorganisms from the digestive tract, and these microorganisms enter its wall and activate memory lymphocytes for long-term immunity. Another immune organ that traps microorganisms is the A) thymus. B) bone marrow. C) palatine tonsil. D) the spleen.

palatine tonsil

Which structure is not located within the nasopharynx? A) opening of the pharyngotympanic tube B) palatine tonsil C) pharyngeal tonsil D)tubal tonsil

palatine tonsil

Which of the following cells are the largest producers of antibodies? A) B lymphocytes B) T lymphocytes C) plasma cells D) macrophages

plasma cells

The bulges that give lymph vessels a string-of-beads appearance are really A) lymph nodes. B) pockets for valves. C) weakenings in the wall of the vessels. D) temporary constrictions caused by bulging skeletal muscles that squeeze the lymph vessel.

pockets for valves

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph? A) water B) plasma proteins C) red blood cells D) ions

red blood cells

Large lymphatic vessel that if present, is comprised of the right subclavian trunk, right jugular trunk and right bronchomediastinal trunk. A) cisterna chyli B) MALT C) spleen D) thoracic duct E) right lymphatic duct

right lymphatic duct

) Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb? A) lumbar trunk B) thoracic duct C) right subclavian duct D) cisterna chyli

right subclavian duct

Lymphatic capillaries are present in A) skin. B) teeth. C) the central nervous system. D) bone marrow.

skin

) The ________ stores blood platelets. A) lymph node B) thymus C) tonsil D) spleen

spleen

Recycles red blood cells and initiates immune responses. A) tonsils B) lymph nodes C) MALT D) spleen E) thymus

spleen

The largest lymphoid organ. A) thymus B) tonsils C) aggregated lymphoid nodules D) lymph nodes E) spleen

spleen

Which of the following lymphoid structures have a hilum? A) tonsils and appendix B) thymus and aggregated lymphoid nodules C) spleen and lymph nodes D) MALT

spleen and lymph nodes

) Macrophages that destroy aged and defective blood cells from circulation are present in the ________ of the spleen. A) hilum B) splenic cords C) venous sinuses D) white pulp

splenic cords

) In humans, B lymphocytes originate in A) the thymus. B) the appendix. C) all lymphoid tissue. D) the bone marrow.

the bone marrow

Which of these statements regarding lymph capillaries is false? A) They begin as closed-ended tubes. B) They have precapillary sphincters that regulate drainage of lymph from tissues. C) They lack barriers to stop cancer cells from entering the lymphatic system. D) They unite with each other to form collecting vessels.

the have precapillary sphincters that regulate drainage of lymph from tissues

) In humans, T lymphocytes originate in A) the spleen. B) the thymus. C) the red bone marrow. D) the lymph nodes.

the red bone marrow

Which of the following lymphoid organs does not directly fight antigens? A) tonsil B) spleen C) the thymus D) aggregated lymphoid nodules

the thymus

A patient with lymphangitis presents with visible red lines on the skin that are tender to the touch. The best explanation for this sign is that A) lack of movement has caused pooling of lymph in the vessels, which compromised the lymphatic valves, resulting in varicose lymph vessels. B) red blood cells have infiltrated the lymphatic system. C) the spleen has overdegraded red blood cells, releasing iron into the lymphatic system. D) the vasa vasorum on the surface of infected lymph vessels has become inflamed and congested with blood.

the vasa vasorum on the surface of infected lymph vessels has become inflamed and congested with blood.

Lymph capillaries differ from blood capillaries in all of the following ways except that A) they are more permeable than most blood capillaries. B) they carry lymph instead of blood. C) they are blind-ended. D) their walls consist of endothelial cells.

their walls consist of endothelial cells

Lymphoid tissue contains all of the following elements except A) T cells. B) B cells. C) follicles. D) thick collagen fibers.

thick collagen dibers

Begins at the cisterna chyli. A) thymic corpuscles B) aggregated lymphoid nodules C) thoracic duct D) MALT E) inguinal lymph nodes

thoracic duct

Duct of the lymphatic system that drains the body's entire lower half. A) lumbar trunk B) intestinal trunk C) bronchomediastinal trunk D) thoracic duct E) right lymphatic duct

thoracic duct

Blockage of the ________ duct would prevent drainage only from the ________ and lumbar trunks. A) right lymphatic; jugular B) right lymphatic; subclavian C) thoracic; axillary D) thoracic; intestinal

thoracic, intestinal

T cells gain immunocompetence in this lymphoid organ. A) thymus B) tonsils C) spleen-red pulp D) lymph nodes E) spleen-white pulp

thymus

The lymph organ that lies in the superior part of the thoracic mediastinum is the A) cervical lymph node. B) spleen. C) tonsil. D) thymus.

thymus

The lymphoid organ that atrophies with age. A) thymus B) tonsils C) aggregated lymphoid nodules D) lymph nodes E) spleen

thymus

This organ has a superficial cortex filled with lymphocytes and an inner medulla with few lymphocytes and a sizable number of degenerating epithelial reticular cells. A) lymph node B) spleen C) thymus D) tonsil

thymus

Two-lobed lymphoid organ located posterior to the sternum. A) cisterna chyli B) thymus C) MALT D) lacteals E) crypts

thymus

) All of the following mechanisms help move lymph through the lymphatic vessels except A) contractions of smooth muscle in the wall of the lymph vessels. B) body movements during exercise. C) tiny lymph hearts. D) contraction of skeletal muscles.

tiny lymph hearts

Lymphoid organs located in the mucosal lining of the pharynx. A) tonsils B) salivary glands C) uvula D) pharygotympanic tube E) aggregated lymphoid nodules

tonsils

) Crypts of the tonsils A) are filled with lymphoid tissue. B) are specialized lymphatic capillaries. C) contain all the progeny of a single activated B lymphocyte. D) trap bacteria and particulate matter.

trap bacteria and particulate matter

) In the spleen, lymphoid tissue is confined to the A) red pulp. B) white pulp. C) trabeculae. D) hilus.

white pulp

Is it possible for lymphocytes to gain immunocompetence in the thymus of an 82-year-old person? A) Yes, but the thymus has shifted to the production of B lymphocytes. B) Yes, but fewer than in youth. C) No, because the thymus has completely degenerated. D) No, because all lymphocytes have turned into thymic corpuscles.

yes, but fewer than in youth