Ch. 21.2 Guided Notes
What does laissez-faire mean, and who explained it in The Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith explained laissez-faire in The Wealth of Nations. It is the doctrine that the state should not regulate the economy.
How did Enlightenment philosophy affect government, society, and the arts?
Enlightenment philosophes sought to produce the ideal society and valued reason, natural law, equality, and freedom; the separation of powers, laissez-faire, the social contract, religious tolerance, rights for women, deism, salons, and the growth of publishing and reading; in the arts, the rococo style expressed grace, charm, lightness, and pleasure
Who were Haydn and Mozart?
Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart were two Enlightenment composers who produced a popular form of classical, not baroque, music.
How did Locke's and Newton's ideas influence Enlightenment intellectuals?
Locke's idea of a tabula rasa and Newton's emphasis on natural law led thinkers to focus on creating a better, even ideal, society.
Which three philosophes were most important in the first half of the eighteenth century?
Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot dominated the intellectual landscape of the Enlightenment.
What made the rococo style of art different from the earlier baroque style?
Rococo style art was secular and emphasized grace, charm, lightness, and gentle action rather than grandeur and power.
How does Rousseau's The Social Contract describe liberty?
The Social Contract argues that liberty is achieved when an entire society agrees to be governed by the general will; people are "forced to be free."
According to The Wealth of Nations, what were the three main functions of government?
To protect society from invasion (army); to defend citizens from injustice (police); and to perform public works (roads, canals, and bridges).
What two reasons did Mary Wollstonecraft present for giving women equal rights?
Wollstonecraft argued that men's arbitrary power over women was wrong and that women, as human beings who had reason, deserved equal rights.