CH 23 Respiratory System
Which of the following statements about the chloride shift is false?
It causes RBCs to swell.
During quiet breathing,
inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.
Carbon dioxide and water combine to form
carbonic acid
Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle.
internal intercostal
Low pH alters hemoglobin structure so that oxygen binds less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2. This increases the effectiveness of
internal respiration
External respiration involves the
diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood
In which direction does carbon dioxide move during internal respiration?
from the tissue cells into the blood
Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produce
phonation
The ________ branch from the trachea at the carina.
primary bronchi
The Hering-Breuer reflex
protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation.
The number of lobes in the right lung is
greater than the number of lobes in the left lobe
The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately
100 mm Hg
For maximum loading of hemoglobin with oxygen at the lungs, the
PO2 should be as high as possible
Gas exchange between air and circulating blood takes place within the
alveoli
The most superior portion of the lung is called the
apex
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as
bicarbonate ions
Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation
causes fluids to leak into the alveoli.
The obstructive lung disease in which connective tissues are lost, alveolar surfaces are damaged, and the respiratory surface is reduced is called
emphysema
Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in
epistaxis or nosebleeds
Alveolar ventilation refers to the
movement of air into and out of the alveoli
The auditory tubes open into the
nasopharynx
The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the
oropharynx
The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.
thyroid
________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.
tidal volume
If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's
vital capacity
