CH 24 & 25 AP EURO STUDY GUIDE

What was Britain's decisive advantage in its war with China?

Britain used troops from India and had the advantage in the war with China with its control of the seas; they were able to occupy several coastal cities which forced China to give into their demands.

Why were Jewish immigrants in the nineteenth century unlikely to return to their native lands?

Most Jews faced discrimination in Russia and were forced to live in the Pale of Settlement. Also, non-Jews owned most of the property. It was basically a once-and-for-all departure for Jews as they were in search of opportunities to escape pogroms (organized killings of innocent people because of their race/religion).

Who assassinated Rasputin in 1916?

National aristocrats

What did the Schlieffen Plan call for in 1914?

the Germans to launch an all out attack on France and hope for an early victory.

How did the Bolsheviks view of the Marxist Party in Russia differ from the Mensheviks view?

The Bolsheviks wanted a small, disciplined party, while the Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership.

How did the British obtain the opium they smuggled into China?

The British obtained the opium from British-occupied India where opium could be grown legally. They then smuggled it illegally into China.

Which nations joined the war on the side of Central Powers?

Central powers -Austria-Hungary -Germany -Belgium -Ottoman Empire

What was the result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

Europeans divided Africa into colonies without consulting African leaders

What did the Treaty of Nanking require of the Chinese?

Forced China to give Hong Kong to Britain and grant extraterritoriality to British and U.S. citizens.

What did the Battle of the Marne do?

French forces stopped the German advance near Paris

What was the immediate cause of the British entry into the First World War?

German invasion of neutral Belgium

What did the "war guilt clause" in the Treaty of Versailles declare?

Germany's shoulders.

Why did Great Britain choose to seize land in Africa and Asia in the late nineteenth century?

Great Britain feared that France and Germany would seal off their empires with high tariffs, and Great Britain would lose future economic opportunities.

How did Lenin respond to the peasants' seizure of land when he rose to power in 1917?

He mandated land reform in order to offer his approval for what the peasants had already done.

What was Bismarck's alliance system designed to do?

Isolate France and tain peace between Russia and Austria-Hungary

What did the Petrograd Soviet Army Order No. 1 state?

Military officers were stripped of their authority and power was placed in the hands of elected committees of soldiers.

How did the war on the eastern front differ from the war on the western front?

On Europe's Eastern front battle lines shifted back and forth, sometimes over large areas. Even though the armies were not mired in trench warfare the casualties on the Western Front rose even higher.

Who was Alexander Kerensky?

Prime minister of Russia. Headed the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty.

Following the First World War, what was one of the most difficult domestic problems faced by governments?

Providing care for the large number of injured veterans.

What medication proved to be effective in controlling Malaria?

Quinine

To what extent did new imperialism result in economic gains and why?

The overall economic gains of the new imperialism proved quite limited before 1914. The new colonies were simply too poor to buy much, and they offered few immediately profitable investments.

What was the principle of effective occupation?

The principle by which the European powers established their claim to an African territory

What was the fatal turning point in the Russian prosecution of the war?

The tsar and his family were callously executed in July 1918.

Why did the Germans accept the Treaty of Versailles?

They had little alternative, especially as the naval blockade was still in place and the people of Germany were starving.

What was the goal of New Imperialism of the late nineteenth century?

To create vast political empires abroad. To plant the flag over as many people and as much territory as possible. The new imperialism aimed primarily at Asia and Africa

Why did Austria-Hungary deliberately choose war in July 1914?

To stem the tide of hostile nationalism within its borders.

What did Lenin believe about Imperialism?

Vladimir Lenin believed that imperialism represented the "highest stage" of advanced monopoly capitalism. He predicted that its onset signaled the coming decay and collapse of capitalist society.

What was George Clemenceau's opinion at the Paris Peace Conference?

Wanted to create a buffer state between Germany and France.

Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden" referred to what?

duty of European and Euro-American peoples to bring order and enlightenment to distant lands

What issue contributed to tensions between Germany and Great Britain in the first decade of the 1900s?

intense commercial rivalry and the German decision to construct a world class navy