CH 24 EMT Q's

Which sign would present earliest in the hypothermic​ patient? A. Shivering B. Confusion C. Hypotension D. Bradycardia

Shivering

Which patient with hot skin that is moist or dry does not require transport to the emergency​ department? A. All patients with these symptoms require transport B. A​ 55-year-old female who moved indoors as soon as symptoms developed C. A​ 24-year-old female whose core body temperature has stopped rising D. An​ 18-year-old male who responds to commands

All patients with these symptoms require transport

In which situation would you most likely have to consider an environmental injury as part of your assessment​ process? A. A teen who struck his head while diving into a shallow pool B. An adult who is suffering from smoke inhalation that occurred during a house fire C. An elderly woman who suffered a heart attack after seeing a bear while out walking D. An auto accident when the outdoor temperature is 25 degrees Fahrenheit

An auto accident when the outdoor temperature is 25 degrees Fahrenheit

You have been summoned to a field where a​ 32-year-old male patient has been struck by lightning. Emergency Medical Responders are with the​ patient, holding manual​ in-line spinal stabilization. When you arrive at the​ patient's side, what should you do​ first? A. Place the patient on the stretcher. B. Perform a secondary assessment. C. Assess the airway and breathing. D. Apply a cervical spine collar.

Assess the airway and breathing.

What is the best way to manage a patient who has been bitten or​ stung? A. Place a tourniquet proximal to the site of the injury. B. Monitor the patient for at least 30 minutes before initiating transport. C. Locate the source of the bite or sting. D. Assess the patient for signs of systemic compromise.

Assess the patient for signs of systemic compromise.

A​ 31-year-old groundskeeper has been stung by multiple bees. You identify that he has been stung three times on his right arm and once on his left ankle. After performing the primary and secondary assessments and the patient is presenting as​ stable, what should you do​ next? A. Attempt removal of any embedded stingers. B. Place a constricting band above the sting sites. C. Apply ice packs to the sting site for pain relief. D. Wash the sting sites with sterile water and soap.

Attempt removal of any embedded stingers.

Which situation is MOST likely an environmental​ emergency? A. A​ 28-year-old man falls asleep in a sleeping bag next to a campfire and is awakened by flames engulfing the foot of his sleeping bag. He has severe burns to both feet and lower legs. B. An​ 80-year-old woman in a housecoat with loose sleeves reaches across a burner on her gas stove and catches the sleeve on​ fire, resulting in severe burns to her arm and​ shoulder, the side of her​ face, and her neck. C. A​ 38-year-old man is working on the engine of a classic car he is restoring. His wife finds him unresponsive in the garage with the engine of the car running. D. A​ 49-year-old homeless woman wearing a winter coat falls asleep on a park bench in​ below-freezing temperatures with a brisk wind and is found unresponsive the next morning.

A​ 49-year-old homeless woman wearing a winter coat falls asleep on a park bench in​ below-freezing temperatures with a brisk wind and is found unresponsive the next morning.

Of the injuries inflicted by a lightning​ strike, which is MOST likely to resolve itself without intervention on the part of the​ EMT? A. Trauma B. Burns C. Respiratory arrest D. Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest

An​ 18-month-old has a temperature of 105.2°F. Without​ treatment, which of the following will​ occur? A. Fluid overload B. Hypertension C. Cellular dysfunction D. Drying of the skin

Cellular dysfunction

What is the BEST emergency medical care for​ high-altitude pulmonary​ edema? A. Remaining at altitude but using CPAP B. Remaining at altitude and using diuretics​ (water pills) C. Descending to a lower altitude D. Remaining at altitude and using oxygen

Descending to a lower altitude

When cooling a patient with possible heat​ stroke, which one of the following would be of most concern to the​ EMT? A. The heart rate going from 140 beats to 120 beats per minute B. Blood pressure increasing to​ 102/78 mmHg C. Observing your partner apply a sheet soaked in tepid water to the patient D. Determining that the patient is shivering after having cold packs applied to the neck

Determining that the patient is shivering after having cold packs applied to the neck

For what reason should an ALS backup be requested for a poisonous​ snakebite? A. Development of anaphylaxis B. The bite was from a pit viper C. Pain at the site of the bite D. Severe muscle spasms

Development of anaphylaxis

You have been chosen by the medical director to give a​ 15-minute presentation on​ cold-related emergencies to a local volunteer fire department. In preparing the​ talk, which one of the points should you​ emphasize? A. A​ cold-related emergency becomes critical when the body temperature falls below 79°F since at this point the body loses ability to regulate its temperature. B. Of the two types of​ cold-related injuries, a local cold​ injury, or​ frostbite, is more​ life-threatening since it can result in the loss of​ fingers, toes,​ arms, or legs. C. Emergency responders play a critical role in caring for the hypothermic patient since the most important phase of care occurs during the first 30 minutes. D. Coma or unresponsiveness in the patient suffering a​ cold-related injury is actually protective since it decreases the​ body's energy requirements.

Emergency responders play a critical role in caring for the hypothermic patient since the most important phase of care occurs during the first 30 minutes.

On entering an apartment for a confused elderly​ female, you note that the air conditioner is running on high and the room is extremely cold. What other clue obtained during the scene​ size-up would best indicate that the patient may be​ hypothermic? A. Fan blowing directly onto the patient B. Medication for hypertension next to the patient C. Oxygen concentrator next to the patient D. Patient covered with diaphoresis

Fan blowing directly onto the patient

For which disorder is the only treatment moving of the patient to a lower​ altitude? A. HACE B. HAPE C. AMS D. Nitrogen narcosis

HACE

Administration of oxygen for 36 to72 hours is a treatment modality for which​ disorder? A. AMS B. HAPE C. HACE D. Barotrauma

HAPE

Which sign or symptom BEST indicates that the patient with cold skin is suffering from generalized​ hypothermia? A. Heart rate of 48 beats per minute B. Blood pressure of​ 108/60 mmHg C. Respirations of 24 per minute D. Pulse oximetry reading of​ 95%

Heart rate of 48 beats per minute

When treating a confused patient who has been exposed to high​ temperatures, which finding is most​ concerning? A. Bounding radial pulse B. SpO2 ​ 94% C. Hot and dry skin D. Cramping in​ arms, legs, and abdomen

Hot and dry skin

You are called to a construction site on a​ hot, humid day for a male patient suffering a heat emergency. On​ scene, you find a​ 49-year-old man who is responsive to verbal stimuli.​ Co-workers state that he has been moving concrete blocks all day in the hot weather and has not​ rested, eaten, or had anything to drink in the past 2 hours. After conducting the primary​ assessment, you note his airway to be open and his breathing to be rapid but adequate. His radial pulse is rapid and​ bounding, and his skin is hot and dry. Which sign makes this patient a priority for immediate and rapid​ transport? A. Hot and dry skin B. Altered mental status C. Bounding pulse D. Tachypneic respirations

Hot and dry skin

You have been called for an alert and oriented male patient whose friends state that he spent several hours locked out of his house in the cold temperatures. Since the primary and secondary assessments have ruled out immediate​ life-threatening conditions, you have decided to rewarm the patient. What would be MOST appropriate for this​ patient? A. Hot packs to the​ patient's chest,​ groin, and armpits B. Massaging of the arms and legs after applying warm blankets C. Placement in a tub of warm water D. Blowing hot air with a hair dryer over the​ patient's arms and legs

Hot packs to the​ patient's chest,​ groin, and armpits

Which factor is LEAST likely to increase the risk of an elderly person for urban​ hypothermia? A. Immobility B. Increased food intake C. Economic concerns D. Decreased body fat

Increased food intake

Which statement BEST describes a patient who is suffering an environmental​ emergency? A. Male patient who fell into a stream and sustained a laceration to the head after hitting a rock B. Young female who slipped on ice and has pain and deformity to her left arm C. Intoxicated male patient who collapsed in the snow and is complaining that he feels cold D. Female who is sick and vomiting after eating potato salad at an outdoor church picnic

Intoxicated male patient who collapsed in the snow and is complaining that he feels cold

An intoxicated​ 24-year-old female has been struck by lightning and is conscious but confused. Which assessment finding should the EMT investigate​ first? A. Irregular heartbeat B. Burns to both arms C. Deformity to the left wrist D. Unequal pupils

Irregular heartbeat

While working in her​ garden, a​ 44-year-old woman was bitten on the lower leg by a snake. She did not call for help right away because she had no symptoms other than a little pain at the site. Thirty minutes​ later, she has​ swelling, discoloration, and increased pain in the leg. What is included in the emergency care of this​ patient? A. Attempting to locate and identify the type of snake B. Keeping the patient calm and immobilizing the leg C. Immobilizing the leg and applying warm packs D. Elevating and immobilizing the leg

Keeping the patient calm and immobilizing the leg

When providing oxygen to a patient with a core temperature of 95 degrees and adequate​ breathing, which one of the following is​ best? A. Positive pressure ventilation with warm oxygen B. Warm but nonhumidified oxygen through a nonrebreather face mask C. Humidified oxygen delivered through a nonrebreather face mask D. Oxygen that is warmed and humidified via nonrebreather mask

Oxygen that is warmed and humidified via nonrebreather mask

You are called for an elderly woman who has slipped on the ice. On arrival you find her supine on an icy sidewalk and responsive to painful stimuli with decorticate posturing​ (flexion). She has blood coming from a laceration on the back of her head and is breathing agonally at 4 times a minute. Which one of the following should you do​ immediately? A. Insert a nasal airway. B. Perform the​ jaw-thrust airway maneuver. C. Remove the patient to the warm ambulance. D. Start positive pressure ventilation.

Perform the​ jaw-thrust airway maneuver.

A patient has been struck by lightning at a picnic. A doctor on scene states that the patient was in cardiac arrest after the strike​ but, with 1 minute of​ CPR, now has a heartbeat and weak respirations. The patient remains unresponsive. What care should you provide​ immediately? A. Initiate positive pressure ventilation. B. Perform the​ jaw-thrust maneuver. C. Provide care to the burn injury on the​ patient's back. D. Attach the automated external defibrillator.

Perform the​ jaw-thrust maneuver.

A person who was displaying symptoms of heat stroke was cooled by using cold water. Which condition is a direct result of​ this? A. Peripheral vascular constriction B. Hypothermia C. Respiratory distress D. Core body temperature reduction

Peripheral vascular constriction

You have responded to a beach for a patient who reports being stung by a jellyfish. Which action will denature the​ toxin? A. Applying an icepack. B. Pouring vinegar over the area. C. Scraping away the remaining tentacles D. Pouring fresh water over the area.

Pouring vinegar over the area.

What is the MOST significant mechanism by which the body can lose​ heat? A. Respirations B. Conduction C. Radiation D. Evaporation

Radiation

In what situation will the means of sweating to cool the body be less​ effective? A. Internal temperature of 102°F B. Indoor humidity of​ 68% C. Relative humidity of​ 98% D. Outdoor temperature of 92°F

Relative humidity of​ 98%

For which complication must the EMT remain alert and ready to treat in a patient with heat​ stroke? A. Shivering B. Seizures C. Gastrointestinal bleeding D. Pulmonary embolism

Seizures

Which process is capable of contributing MOST to heat production in the​ body? A. Digestion B. Peripheral vascular dilation C. Basal metabolism D. Shivering

Shivering

A hypothermic patient is in cardiac arrest. The automated external defibrillator​ (AED) is applied and delivers one shock. Which one of the actions would the EMT perform​ next? A. Provide ventilations but not compressions. B. Check for a pulse. C. Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. D. Reanalyze the​ patient's heart rhythm.

Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

A young man has been struck by lightning on a golf course and is in cardiac arrest. Other golfers say that he was struck about 10 minutes ago. What care should you provide​ immediately? A. Do a secondary assessment to locate the burn sites. B. Attach the automated external defibrillator. C. Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation. D. Ventilate 10 to 12 breaths per minute.

Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

You have been called to a hunting camp for a patient with a severe localized cold injury to his hand and fingers. The patient is suffering no​ life-threatening conditions, and you elect to rewarm the affected areas. Which method would be appropriate for this​ patient? A. Immerse the hand and fingers in water no hotter than 120°F. B. Thaw and rewarm the tissue as quickly as possible. C. Place the hand lower than the heart after rewarming is complete. D. Do not stir the water while the hand is submerged to decrease risk for injury.

Thaw and rewarm the tissue as quickly as possible.

Regarding​ snakebites, the EMT would recognize which statement as​ true? A. Over​ 75% of all poisonous snakebites involve the injection of venom. B. Over half of all snake bites involve intoxicated males. C. The majority of snakebites involve nonpoisonous snakes. D. The majority of snakebites result in death of the patient.

The majority of snakebites involve nonpoisonous snakes.

You are reassessing a patient you are treating for heat exhaustion. Which finding indicates that the patient is​ improving? A. The core temperature has only increased by 0.5°F. B. The patient now exhibits shivering. C. The mental status is now alert and oriented. D. The skin is now hot and dry.

The mental status is now alert and oriented.

When treating the victim of an insect sting who is displaying signs of​ anaphylaxis, for what reason would you NOT request ALS​ backup? A. The scene is very near the emergency department. B. Administration of the epinephrine​ auto-injector relieved the symptoms. C. The patient indicated that oxygen administration is all that is usually required. D. The patient indicates that his symptoms are improving.

The scene is very near the emergency department.

Your patient was stung while swimming in the ocean. Why is it important to identify the type of marine animal that administered the​ sting? A. To ensure that the appropriate antivenin is administered B. No determination is​ necessary, since vinegar works on all stings. C. To determine whether the animal is rabid D. To determine whether the patient can develop anaphylaxis from the sting

To ensure that the appropriate antivenin is administered

Bystanders have called 911 for a female who lives on the street. She has been outside in the cold all night and is muttering incomprehensible words. Her airway is​ open, and her breathing is adequate. Her skin is​ cold, and a radial pulse is present but weak. Oxygen has been applied. What should you do​ next? A. Transfer her into the ambulance. B. Assess breath sounds. C. Perform a secondary assessment. D. Obtain a blood pressure.

Transfer her into the ambulance.

The primary assessment on a teenage male patient who is unresponsive with skin that is​ hot, moist, and flushed reveals his airway to be​ open, his breathing to be​ shallow, and his radial pulse to be weak. You are providing positive pressure ventilation. What should you do​ next? A. Transfer him into the ambulance. B. Perform a secondary assessment. C. ​Re-perform the primary assessment. D. Get a medical history.

Transfer him into the ambulance.

You are treating a patient who has heat cramps. After you apply moist towels to the​ patient's forehead and over cramping muscles and administer​ low-concentration salt​ water, the patient continues to display worsening cramping. What should your next action​ be? A. Increase the amount of salt in the water. B. Pour cold water on the patient. C. Administer salt tablets. D. Transport the patient to the ED.

Transport the patient to the ED.

Which action should NEVER be performed in managing a patient with deep local cold​ injury? A. Use​ gentle, steady pressure to break blisters that form. B. Rewarm as rapidly as possible. C. Immerse the part in warm water. D. Use​ dry, sterile dressings.

Use​ gentle, steady pressure to break blisters that form.

A person is in a hot​ environment, and her body is successfully compensating to​ off-load excess heat. What assessment findings BEST illustrates this​ process? A. Cool and clammy​ skin, normal blood​ pressure, slow respirations B. Diaphoretic​ skin, decreased heart​ rate, decreased blood pressure C. Warm and diaphoretic​ skin, elevated heart​ rate, increased respirations D. Warm​ skin, elevated heart​ rate, decreased​ respirations, decreased blood pressure

Warm and diaphoretic​ skin, elevated heart​ rate, increased respirations

You are treating a male patient who is hypothermic. What should you do to decrease heat loss caused by​ radiation? A. Wrap a towel around the​ patient's head. B. Turn off the fan in the back of the ambulance. C. Wipe the​ patient's skin down with warm water. D. Apply warm packs to the​ patient's body.

Wrap a towel around the​ patient's head.

Medical direction has ordered you to begin rewarming an unresponsive patient with a core body temperature of​ 93°F. Which measure would BEST benefit this​ patient? A. Place one extremity at a time in warm water. B. Gently massage the​ patient's arms and legs. C. Wrap the patient in several warm blankets. D. Give him warm fluids to drink to increase internal body temperature.

Wrap the patient in several warm blankets.

A lowering of body temperature due to cold water immersion in a​ lake, which disrupts the normal process of the​ body, is: A. hyperthermia. B. shivering. C. thermoreceptor failure. D. an environmental emergency.

an environmental emergency.

​Generally, a hyperthermic patient with​ moist, pale skin that is normal to cool in temperature needs transport​ when: A. her symptoms improve but her temperature is still above 99 degrees Fahrenheit. B. she has a continuously rising temperature. C. she complains of nausea while drinking water. D. her temperature is above 99 degrees Fahrenheit.

she has a continuously rising temperature.

You are providing a​ "stand-by" service at the county fair. About​ midmorning, a​ 50-year-old male patient approaches your tent and states that he was bitten in the right shoulder by some sort of insect and the pain is tremendous. Assessment reveals his shoulder to have a large reddened area with a bite mark in the middle. The skin is warm to the touch. Your care of this patient should​ include: A. massaging the site gently. B. applying a cold pack to the site. C. elevating the right hand. D. scrubbing the site with soap and sterile water.

applying a cold pack to the site.

A patient has been bitten by a nonpoisonous grass snake. Your care would​ include: A. applying a constricting band. B. administering epinephrine. C. cleaning and dressing the wound. D. emergency transport to the hospital.

cleaning and dressing the wound.

After successfully rewarming a foot and frozen​ toes, the EMT​ should: A. gently massage the foot and toes. B. cover the foot and toes with​ dry, sterile dressings. C. ambulate the patient to ensure return of adequate motor function. D. place the foot below the level of the heart to enhance circulation.

cover the foot and toes with​ dry, sterile dressings.

Common precursors to​ heat-related emergencies​ include: A. a cool shower or bath. B. drinking chilled sports drinks. C. exercise. D. diabetes.

exercise.

Medical direction has asked you to remove a tick from behind the left ear of a​ 5-year-old girl. You​ would: A. grab the tick close to its head and pull directly outward. B. scrape it from the skin using a credit card or other similar object. C. grasp the tick with tweezers and gently twist it from the skin. D. refuse to remove the tick given its location and age of patient.

grab the tick close to its head and pull directly outward.

A young female was weeding her garden when she was bitten on her left hand by an unidentified snake. The primary assessment does not reveal any life threats and vital signs are stable. In caring for this​ patient, it is critical that the​ EMT: A. have the patient remove her wedding ring from her left hand. B. apply ice packs to the area of the snake bite. C. administer the epinephrine​ auto-injector into the site. D. attempt to locate the snake for identification.

have the patient remove her wedding ring from her left hand.

The EMT recognizes that the primary center for controlling the temperature in the human body is located in​ the: A. brainstem. B. skin. C. hypothalamus. D. pons.

hypothalamus.

Myxedema coma is a complication​ of: A. hypothermia. B. late cold injury. C. immersion. D. hypothyroidism.

hypothyroidism

Keeping the immersion hypothermia patient in a supine position​ can: A. cause a myxedema coma. B. precipitate cardiac arrest. C. increase the chance of ventricular fibrillation. D. increase blood flow to the brain.

increase blood flow to the brain.

You have been called for a​ 78-year-old female who slipped while getting out of her bathtub. She is confused and cold to the touch. You learn that she slipped 24 hours ago and has been on the tile bathroom floor ever since. Since it is​ summer, she also had her air conditioner running on high. The EMT would best categorize this emergency​ as: A. generalized hyperthermia caused by convection. B. localized external hypothermia caused by immobility. C. external urban hypothermia caused by a medical complaint. D. internal urban hypothermia with heat loss caused by conduction.

internal urban hypothermia with heat loss caused by conduction.

A patient has been bitten by what appears to be a black widow spider. The bite to her left hand is dull and achy and she states that the muscles in her shoulders and back are starting to hurt. After ensuring that no​ life-threatening conditions are present and administering​ oxygen, the EMT​ should: A. apply hot packs to the bite. B. pour a vinegar solution over the bite. C. keep the hand below the level of the heart. D. massage the muscles of the back and shoulders.

keep the hand below the level of the heart.

An accurate indicator that a deep local cold injury has begun rewarming​ is: A. blanching. B. chest pain. C. pain. D. the formation of blisters.

pain.

The EMT is correctly assessing the skin temperature of a patient who has been exposed to cold temperatures for an extended period of time when​ he: A. feels the​ patient's forehead with the back of his hand. B. feels the skin temperature on the​ patient's chest. C. places the back of his hand on the​ patient's abdomen. D. places the palm of his hand on the​ patient's neck.

places the back of his hand on the​ patient's abdomen.

After ensuring that there are no​ life-threatening conditions to the​ airway, breathing, and​ circulation, the priority in caring for the hypothermic patient​ is: A. assessing for complications. B. starting active rewarming measures. C. preventing additional heat loss. D. providing passive rewarming.

preventing additional heat loss.

A cute mountain sickness typically occurs​ during: A. rapid descent. B. rapid ascent. C. rapid changes in temperature. D. rapid changes in humidity.

rapid ascent.

A conscious and breathing patient has been pulled from a stream of cold water. To decrease her loss of heat via the mechanism of​ conduction, the EMT should​ immediately: A. provide positive pressure ventilation. B. encourage her to stop shivering. C. cover her with a blanket. D. remove her wet clothing.

remove her wet clothing.

A​ 24-year-old female who was hiking in shorts informs you that she has been bitten by an insect on her leg. She states no other complaints. Assessment reveals a tick embedded in her leg. As an​ EMT, you should provide care to this patient​ by: A. removing the tick with tweezers. B. applying a hot pack over the tick. C. wrapping the tick and bite area with roller gauze. D. administering​ high-concentration oxygen.

removing the tick with tweezers.

The EMT would recognize that a hypothermic patient is deteriorating when he​ observes: A. slurred speech. B. vigorous shivering. C. ​red-colored skin. D. painful extremities.

slurred speech.

Rewarming of a deep local cold injury should never occur​ until: A. slow rewarming techniques can be employed. B. you arrive at the emergency department. C. appropriate warm packs are available. D. there is no danger of refreezing.

there is no danger of refreezing.

In obtaining a history of a​ 5-year-old boy with generalized​ hypothermia, which question should be asked​ first? A. ​"Are all of his childhood shots up to​ date?" B. ​"How long was he out in the​ cold?" C. ​"Why was he outside without adult​ supervision?" D. ​"When did he eat or drink​ last?"

​"How long was he out in the​ cold?"

You are transporting a​ 44-year-old male who was stung multiple times by fire ants. Which patient statement should MOST concern​ you? A. ​"I took some Motrin this morning for a​ headache." B. ​"My hand seems to be more swollen​ now." C. ​"I am beginning to feel itchy all over and have a​ hive." D. ​"The bites are really beginning to hurt​ more."

​"I am beginning to feel itchy all over and have a​ hive."

The EMT should recognize heat cramps as the probable cause of a​ patient's problem when the patient​ states: A. ​"I cannot remember what day it​ is." B. ​"I have pain in my belly and​ legs." C. ​"I am having a hard time moving my​ fingers." D. ​"My neck feels as though it is in​ spasm."

​"I have pain in my belly and​ legs."

When moving a patient with severe generalized​ hypothermia, which one of the instructions is MOST​ appropriate? A. ​"I want everyone to take extra care in moving her very gently to the stretcher. We do not want her to go into cardiac​ arrest." B. ​"Let's secure her with her arms and legs extended since this position promotes the retention of heat in the​ body." C. ​"Let's place her on her side on the stretcher since her body temperature contraindicates placement of a nasal​ airway." D. ​"Be careful when moving her to the​ stretcher; the cold makes the patient very prone to bone​ fractures."

​"I want everyone to take extra care in moving her very gently to the stretcher. We do not want her to go into cardiac​ arrest."

While you are teaching an EMT​ class, you ask a student whether she understands the regulation of temperature in the human body. Which statement indicates that she​ does? A. ​"If the air outside the body is cold and the body is too​ hot, the cold air will move into the body to cool​ it." B. ​"For the​ body's cells to function​ properly, the human body must always be warmer than the air that surrounds​ it." C. ​"Since the cellular activity in the body constantly generates​ heat, the body must always be cooler than the air that surrounds​ it." D. ​"If the body becomes too hot or too​ cold, the brain will send instructions out to the body to either retain or lose​ heat."

​"If the body becomes too hot or too​ cold, the brain will send instructions out to the body to either retain or lose​ heat."

The EMT shows that he understands the danger of heat stroke when he​ states: A. ​"Heat stroke is a dire emergency since the body has lost much of its fluid and ability to circulate​ oxygen." B. ​"In heat​ stroke, the body loses its ability to rid itself of excess​ heat, causing the core temperature to​ rise." C. ​"Heat stroke occurs when the​ patient's blood vessels have​ overdilated, causing a mild state of​ shock." D. ​"The EMT can identify heat stroke because the patient will have skin that is warm and dry instead of hot and​ moist."

​"In heat​ stroke, the body loses its ability to rid itself of excess​ heat, causing the core temperature to​ rise."

A patient has been bitten by an unidentified snake. What​ statement, made by the​ patient, would lead the EMT to believe that the snake was​ poisonous? A. ​"It had a stripe down its​ back." B. ​"Its eyes were​ round." C. ​"Its head was​ triangular." D. ​"It was about two feet​ long."

​"Its head was​ triangular."

An Emergency Medical Responder​ (EMR) quickly checks the breathing and pulse of a patient with​ Alzheimer's disease who has been sleeping outside in the cold for several hours. The EMR informs you that the patient grimaces to painful stimuli but is not breathing and does not have a pulse. Your best response would​ be: A. ​"We need to contact medical direction to see what the doctor wants us to do since she is​ hypothermic." B. ​"Someone start​ CPR, but do not insert an oral airway since this can cause ventricular​ fibrillation." C. ​"Let's re-perform the primary​ assessment, and this time take longer to assess for breathing and a​ pulse." D. ​"Let's get the automated external defibrillator ready and apply it to the​ patient."

​"Let's re-perform the primary​ assessment, and this time take longer to assess for breathing and a​ pulse."

You have been called to a football practice field on a very hot day for a​ heat-related emergency. On​ scene, you find a young male patient panting and lying under a tree. He is​ panting, his skin is​ flushed, and teammates are continually wiping the sweat off his​ face, arms, and chest with towels. Which statement is MOST​ appropriate? A. ​"To keep him from​ sweating, let's put his shirt back​ on." B. ​"Please let him sweat. It is helping his body cool​ down." C. ​"Keep wiping. You are helping him retain water that his body​ needs." D. ​"Good job guys. By wiping him down you are helping him cool​ down."

​"Please let him sweat. It is helping his body cool​ down."

You are giving a talk on hunting safety. A hunter asks you when one should attempt to rewarm a hand or foot that is frostbitten. Your best response should​ be: A. ​"It is best to attempt rewarming in any situation because the benefit of rewarming outweighs the risk of not​ rewarming." B. ​"You never want to rewarm a frozen body part since that can cause additional​ damage." C. ​"Only attempt to rewarm a frozen body part if the person still has some feeling in​ it." D. ​"Rewarming should only take place when there is no chance that the tissue will​ refreeze."

​"Rewarming should only take place when there is no chance that the tissue will​ refreeze."

You have initiated the rewarming of a local cold injury to a​ patient's hand and fingers. On​ scene, the patient had no sensation in his hand or fingers. Which statement is a cause of concern when made by the​ patient? A. ​"My fingers are really starting to hurt​ now!" B. ​"My hand is feeling funny. It seems to be starting to tingle a little​ bit." C. ​"The blisters on my fingers​ haven't broken​ yet." D. ​"There is no pain when I rub my fingers with my other​ hand."

​"There is no pain when I rub my fingers with my other​ hand."

At an​ in-service, your medical director asks if anyone can tell her the cause of heat cramps. What response would be most​ appropriate? A. ​"They are caused when the​ patient's electrolytes such as salt and calcium are lost and become too low in the​ body." B. ​"They occur when blood vessels constrict and decrease blood flow to the affected​ muscle." C. ​"They are thought to occur when the patient does not consume enough water and becomes​ dehydrated." D. ​"They occur when the body can no longer compensate and​ off-load excess​ heat."

​"They are caused when the​ patient's electrolytes such as salt and calcium are lost and become too low in the​ body."

A​ 43-year-old male has removed a tick from his​ arm, prior to your arrival. He is refusing any and all care at this time. What statement would be most​ appropriate? A. ​"All tick bites carry the potential for Rocky Mountain fever and Lyme​ disease." B. ​"If the tick has been embedded for more than an​ hour, you require emergency​ treatment." C. ​"Tick bites can result in bacterial​ infections, which can be very​ serious." D. ​"Tick bites are often​ poisonous, not becoming obvious for several​ days

​"Tick bites can result in bacterial​ infections, which can be very​ serious."

Which statement made by an EMT shows that he understands the care of a patient with a localized cold injury to the​ foot? A. ​"If the patient has blisters on his​ foot, it is beneficial to break them so the fluid inside will not freeze and cause additional​ injury." B. ​"Gentle massage of the foot has been shown to help the patient since this enhances the circulation of warm blood to the cold​ area." C. ​"The EMT should avoid immobilizing the foot since this will further decrease circulation of blood into the cold​ area." D. ​"While it is best to remove wet clothing from the​ patient, it is best to leave clothing that is frozen to the skin in​ place."

​"While it is best to remove wet clothing from the​ patient, it is best to leave clothing that is frozen to the skin in​ place."

A​ 44-year-old female was hiking in a state park when she was bitten by a snake in her left calf. To get​ help, she had to hike 4 miles to the​ first-aid station where you are located. The hike took her an hour and a half. Your assessment reveals a red and swollen area on her​ leg, and she complains of discomfort to that area. Closer inspection reveals two puncture wounds in the center of the affected area. She asks you whether she is going to die from the snake bite. What reply is most​ appropriate? A. ​"We need to get you to the hospital immediately. Anytime that a snake bites it injects venom from its​ fangs." B. ​"You need to get checked​ out, but if venom was​ injected, the signs and symptoms of a generalized reaction typically appear very​ quickly." C. ​"Walking all of that distance probably saved you since your body metabolized the poison​ faster." D. ​"Based on the way the bite​ looks, I think that you were bitten by a nonpoisonous​ snake."

​"You need to get checked​ out, but if venom was​ injected, the signs and symptoms of a generalized reaction typically appear very​ quickly."

You have been called to a residence for a spider bite. On scene the homeowner states that he was moving some boxes in his garage when he accidentally grabbed a spider and it bit him. He killed the spider and shows you a​ brown-colored spider with a​ "violin shape" on its back. He then states that the bite does not hurt and he sees no need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable​ EMT, you should​ state: A. ​"You should be okay by refusing​ transport, but make sure to wash the bite site daily with soap and​ water." B. ​"Since the bite of that spider generally causes immediate pain and​ swelling, you probably can go without additional medical​ attention." C. ​"You really need to go because the bite of that spider does not heal very well and will put you at risk for​ infection." D. ​"Let us take you to the hospital. They have an antivenom that will allow this to heal and make you resistant to future​ bites."

​"You really need to go because the bite of that spider does not heal very well and will put you at risk for​ infection."

Which patient would be the highest priority for​ transport? A. ​19-year-old responsive to verbal stimuli with hot dry skin and tachycardia B. ​34-year-old with confusion and cool diaphoretic skin along with tachycardia C. ​24-year-old who is intoxicated and is complaining of pain and spasms to his legs D. ​28-year-old responsive to verbal stimuli with tachycardia and​ cool, moist skin

​19-year-old responsive to verbal stimuli with hot dry skin and tachycardia

Which patient is suffering from generalized​ hypothermia? A. ​87-year-old alcoholic with hand pain and numbness after sweeping snow without gloves B. ​19-year-old male who is intoxicated and fell asleep under a fan for three hours C. ​21-year-old female who was trapped in cold water for 10 minutes before being rescued D. ​34-year-old male whose fingers and toes are blue from exposure to the cold

​21-year-old female who was trapped in cold water for 10 minutes before being rescued

Which patient is losing body heat by the mechanism of​ convection? A. ​41-year-old female who is intoxicated and passed out in the snow B. ​30-year-old male in cool temperature and exposed to a light breeze C. ​56-year-old male who is confused and perspiring heavily D. ​63-year-old female who took a drug that depressed her brain function

​30-year-old male in cool temperature and exposed to a light breeze

A core temperature is most accurately assessed on a patient who has been exposed to cold temperatures by placing​ a: A. ​medical-grade thermometer in the​ patient's rectum. B. thermometer into the​ patient's mouth. C. tympanic thermometer in the​ patient's ear. D. household rectal thermometer in the​ patient's rectum.

​medical-grade thermometer in the​ patient's rectum.

You have been called to a residence for a patient who is sick. On scene the family tells you that the patient is being treated for the​ "stomach flu" and has had a fever of 102°F for the past two days. She has been taking all of the medications prescribed by her doctor but this evening became very​ "sweaty." Assessment shows her to be stable with a pulse of​ 88, respirations​ 18, adequate blood pressure of​ 128/68 mmHg, and an oral temperature of 100.2°F. Based on​ this, the EMT should recognize the A. sweat is causing the loss of body heat since the sweat is warmer than the​ body, causing heat to move from inside to outside the body. B. ​patient's body is cooling itself by transferring heat into the​ sweat, which is then evaporated into the air. C. sweat is causing the body to retain heat since sweat is warmer than the temperature of the​ body, causing the heat in the body to exit and cool the patient. D. ​patient's body is attempting to retain heat by covering itself with​ sweat, which acts as a barrier to heat loss.

​patient's body is cooling itself by transferring heat into the​ sweat, which is then evaporated into the air.