CH 27 LS

Insulin affects the body in which ways

-Stimulates the liver to store glucose in the form of glycogen -Stimulates most cells to absorb glucose from the blood -Stimulates adipocytes to absorb triglycerides from the blood

Which options are required to be on nutrient labels

-calories per serving -servings per container -total fat content

Vitamins serve many rolls in the body including

-formation of visual pigments -calcium absorption -blood clotting

Fatty acids are separated into which groups

-unsaturated fatty acids -polyunsaturated fatty acids -saturated fatty acids

Minerals

-zinc -iron -calcium

Identify each process of carbohydrate metabolism in the hepatocyte pictures

1. Formation of glucose from non carbohydrate sources 2. Formation of glycogen from glucose 3. Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Normal body temperature

98.6 F

The ___ State includes the time from which you eat a meal until the time you absorb the nutrients and generally last about four hours

Absorptive

Which factors can influence your nutrient requirements

Age, gender, body mads

If you are lacking an essential vitamin, you suffer from

Avitaminosis

Which are the water soluble vitamins?

B and C and niacin

The most important factor affecting a persons basal metabolic rate is their

Body surface area

A persons BMR is influenced by which of the following

Body surface area Gender Age

A ___ is the amount of the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius

Calorie

Food labels are required to have which of the following information?

Calories Vitamins Total fat

What is the name of a water-filled chamber into which a person is placed, so that changes in water temperature can be recorded in order to estimate their BMR

Calorimeter

BMR can be measured using which instruments?

Calorimeter Respirometer

Which are metabolic functions of the liver?

Carbohydrate Lipid metabolism Detoxification

Produced by the liver, __ is released into the blood as VLDLs, or made into bile salts

Cholesterol

____ is a lipid commonly found in animal cell membranes from which steroids bio salts and fat soluble vitamins or made

Cholesterol

Iron is an integral component of which of the following?

Cytochromes in the electron transport chain

lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Does not eat flesh but does eat milk, eggs, and cheese

Match each mineral with its function in the human body

Fe- Binds oxygen and hemoglobin Binds electrons in the ETS Ca- Blood clotting, bone formation I- integral part of thyroid hormone Zn- Protein synthesis, wound healing

What are the four food categories found on my plate

Fruits Grains Vegetables Proteins

On the USDA my plate, one half of the plate is taken up by

Fruits and vegetables

If blood sugar levels are low what hormone does the pancreas produces to bring them back up

Glucagon

In which stage of cellular respiration is a glucose molecule broken down into two pyruvate molecules

Glycolysis

Order of events in Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis Intermediate stage Citric acid cycle Electron transport system

Which hormones can influence body temperature?

Growth hormone, thyroid hormone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, testosterone

Which lipoprotein transports lipids to the liver

HDL

Blood flows into a liver lóbulo through which of the following?

Hepatic vein artery

The thermostats of our body that regulates our body temperature is the

Hypothalamus

Right after eating a big meal, your metabolic rate will ___ u til the nutrients have been absorbed

Increase

The hormone ____ Is released by the pancreas in response to hide blood glucose levels

Insulin

____ are considered the bad cholesterol while ___Are considered the good cholesterol

LDLs, HDLs

A disaccharide found in milk and thus also called milk sugar is

Lactose

Which are the three major nutrient biomolecules

Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins

Which organ is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins plus plays a central role in the transport of lipids throughout the body?

Liver

___ are organic biomolecules that must be consumed in large quantities

Macronutrients

The ___ rate is a measure of how much energy is used by the body in a given amount of time.

Metabolic

Match each type of carbohydrate with the number of simple sugars it contains

Monosaccharide - one Disaccharide - two Polysaccharide - many

In addition to supplying our body with amino acids proteins are a good source of

Nitrogen

The digestive system absorbs biomolecules, vitamins, and minerals, which are collectively referred to as

Nutrients

___ is the study of how living organisms obtain the nutrients required in order to survive

Nutrition

Which are dietary sources of protein

Nuts Beans Fish

The USDA now uses an image of a ___ to visually show the proportions of each food type that should be in a healthy

Plate

While you are sleeping your body must rely on stored nutrients in order to maintain homeostasis so you are in the____ state

Postabsorptive

Because lipids are hydrophobic and insoluble in blood, they must be transported throughout the body bound to a

Protein

Meat, dairy products, poultry, fish, beans, and nuts are all good sources of what nutrient

Protein

Good dietary sources of iron include which of the following

Red meat, dark green leafy vegetables

If our body starts to get too cold the hypothalamus will initiate which of the following

Shivering and vasoconstriction in the extremities

Which carbohydrate is a disaccharide found in table sugar

Sucrose

T/F: all minerals are obtained from the diet

True

Match each lipoprotein with its description

VLDL- delivers triglycerides from the liver to the cells LDL- delivers cholesterol from the liver to the liver HDL- delivers lipids from the cells to the liver

____ are organic molecules which are required for normal metabolism but are only present in small amounts in food

Vitamins

It is especially important to have a varied diet in order to ensure you meet your body's need for

Vitamins and minerals

vegeterian

a person who does not eat meat

The total metabolic rate is calculated by adding the __ metabolic rate to the metabolism required for physical activity

basal

If you don't eat for 12 hours then rest comfortably at room temperature, the amount of energy your body is using is your

basal metabolic rate

Your Core Body Temperature is the temperature of which body parts?

head and torso

What is the largest internal organ that has several hundred functions including bile production and serving as a glucose bank

liver

_____ include most organic biomolecules needed by organisms to grow and maintain homeostasis

nutrients

The government has established dietary guidelines in the form of ___ daily allowances

recommended

Liver lobules contain modified capillaries known as?

sinusoids

The ___ metabolic rate is the amount of energy used by the body including that needed for physical activity

total

Fats and Oils are dietary sources of?

triglycerides

Which lipid is an important energy source

triglycerides