Ch 3 Abdomen workbook
Which position best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysms in the prevertebral region of the abdomen
Lateral position
List the three parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on ___.
expiration
Gonadal shielding for ________ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region
females
The medical prefix for stomach is
gastro
Which portion of the small intestine is considered to be the longest
ileum
Why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than the AP projection?
increased OID of kidneys on PA
Why is the right kidney lower than the left?
liver
What scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an abdominal x-ray?
long scale
Which of the following structures helps stabilize and support the small intestine
mesentery
List the three accessory digestive organs
pancreas, liver, gallbladder
The double-walled membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called
peritoneum
The organs located posteriorly to, or behind, the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as
retroperitoneal
What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion
shortest exposure time
Which of the following organs is considered part of the lymphatic system
spleen
Which endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney
suprarenals (adrenal)
Which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the two pelvic bones?
symphysis pubis
Why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure
to allow intraabdominal air to rise or abnormal fluids to accumulate
Why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration?
to increase the room for expansion of the abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity
What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen
umbilical
__________ is used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis
Ultrasound
Which positioning routine should be used for an acute abdominal series if the patient is to ill to stand
Two way abdomen; Ap supine/Left Lateral
The two large muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra and usually visible on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph are called the
Psoas muscle
Which of the following abdominal regions contains the rectum
Pubic
The prominence of the greater trochanter is at about the same level as the
Superior border
List the projections commonly performed for an acute abdominal series or three-way abdomen series.
AP supine AP erect PA erect chest
Which type of body habitus may require two crosswise images to be taken if the entire abdomen is to be included?
Hypersthenic
The central ray is centered to the level of the _______________ for supine AP projection of the abdomen
Iliac crest
Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias?
dorsal decubitus
The iliac crest is at the level of what
L4-l5
Symphysis pubis and lower margins of the ischial tuberosities are about and is proximal or distal to the symphysis pubis
1/1/2 inches distal
To ensure the diaphragm is included on an erect abdomen projection the central ray should be at the level _______of which places the top of the 14 x 17 high heart at the level of the____
2 inches/ 5cm above iliac crest
What its the recommended overlap when using two landscape-placed image receptors for AP projection of a supine abdomen of an obese patient
3 to 5cm (1 to 2 inches)
Which of the following exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an averaged-sized adult using a digital radiographic system
80-85 kV, grid 40 inch Sid
Rotation can be determined on a kidney, ureter and bladder(KUB) radiograph by the loss of the symmetric appearance of
A. Iliac crest B. Obturator foramina C. Ischial spines D. Outer rib margins
What are the two causes of voluntary motion
A. Patient Breathing B. Patient movement during exposure.
Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the _______, with the bottom at the ____________.
ASIS and symphysis pubis
With the use of iodinated contrast media, _____ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver.
CT
Voluntary motion can best be prevented by
Careful breathing instructions
The largest intestine begins in the right lower quadrant with a saclike area called the
Cecum
The sigmoid colon is located between the and of the large intestine
Descending colon and rectum
Because the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left anatomic side marker on the cassette before exposure
False
For a KUB it is accepted practice to indicate the side of the body durning post processing after the exposure has been completed the liver is always on the right side of the body
False
For adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph
False
The correct term for the radiographic study of the entire urinary system is the intravenous pyelogram
False
The image receptor should be placed in portrait alignment for an abdomen study on an obese patient
False
The umbilicus (belly button) is reliable, alternative landmark to use for the obese patient.
False
Which of the following structures is a double fold peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach
Greater omentum
Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3?
Inferior costal margin
Gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if
It obscures essential anatomy
Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?
Left lateral decubitus ( free air best visualized in upper right abdomen in area of liver)
Which of the following projections requires a kV setting of 110 to 125
PA erect chest for free air under diaphragm
Which projection of the three-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm
Pa chest
What is the primary cause for involuntary motion of the abdomen
Peristaltic action of the bowel
The pancreas is located what to the stomach
Posteriorly
Which of the following technical considerations is essential when performing abdomen studies on a young pediatric patient?
Short exposure times, high speed image receptor, reduced kV and mAs
Which of the following is not directly associated with the digestive system
Spleen
A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort
True
Tall asthenic patient may require image receptors placed portrait if the entire abdomen is to be included
True
The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is
Ultrasound