Ch 3 Abdomen workbook

Which position best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysms in the prevertebral region of the abdomen

Lateral position

List the three parts of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on ___.

expiration

Gonadal shielding for ________ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region

females

The medical prefix for stomach is

gastro

Which portion of the small intestine is considered to be the longest

ileum

Why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than the AP projection?

increased OID of kidneys on PA

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

liver

What scale of contrast is recommended for visualization of the abdominal structures on an abdominal x-ray?

long scale

Which of the following structures helps stabilize and support the small intestine

mesentery

List the three accessory digestive organs

pancreas, liver, gallbladder

The double-walled membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called

peritoneum

The organs located posteriorly to, or behind, the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as

retroperitoneal

What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion

shortest exposure time

Which of the following organs is considered part of the lymphatic system

spleen

Which endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney

suprarenals (adrenal)

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the two pelvic bones?

symphysis pubis

Why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for a minimum of 5 minutes before exposure

to allow intraabdominal air to rise or abnormal fluids to accumulate

Why is it recommended to take abdominal radiographs at the end of patient expiration?

to increase the room for expansion of the abdominal organs within the abdominal cavity

What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen

umbilical

__________ is used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis

Ultrasound

Which positioning routine should be used for an acute abdominal series if the patient is to ill to stand

Two way abdomen; Ap supine/Left Lateral

The two large muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra and usually visible on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph are called the

Psoas muscle

Which of the following abdominal regions contains the rectum

Pubic

The prominence of the greater trochanter is at about the same level as the

Superior border

List the projections commonly performed for an acute abdominal series or three-way abdomen series.

AP supine AP erect PA erect chest

Which type of body habitus may require two crosswise images to be taken if the entire abdomen is to be included?

Hypersthenic

The central ray is centered to the level of the _______________ for supine AP projection of the abdomen

Iliac crest

Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias?

dorsal decubitus

The iliac crest is at the level of what

L4-l5

Symphysis pubis and lower margins of the ischial tuberosities are about and is proximal or distal to the symphysis pubis

1/1/2 inches distal

To ensure the diaphragm is included on an erect abdomen projection the central ray should be at the level _______of which places the top of the 14 x 17 high heart at the level of the____

2 inches/ 5cm above iliac crest

What its the recommended overlap when using two landscape-placed image receptors for AP projection of a supine abdomen of an obese patient

3 to 5cm (1 to 2 inches)

Which of the following exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an averaged-sized adult using a digital radiographic system

80-85 kV, grid 40 inch Sid

Rotation can be determined on a kidney, ureter and bladder(KUB) radiograph by the loss of the symmetric appearance of

A. Iliac crest B. Obturator foramina C. Ischial spines D. Outer rib margins

What are the two causes of voluntary motion

A. Patient Breathing B. Patient movement during exposure.

Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the _______, with the bottom at the ____________.

ASIS and symphysis pubis

With the use of iodinated contrast media, _____ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver.

CT

Voluntary motion can best be prevented by

Careful breathing instructions

The largest intestine begins in the right lower quadrant with a saclike area called the

Cecum

The sigmoid colon is located between the and of the large intestine

Descending colon and rectum

Because the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left anatomic side marker on the cassette before exposure

False

For a KUB it is accepted practice to indicate the side of the body durning post processing after the exposure has been completed the liver is always on the right side of the body

False

For adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph

False

The correct term for the radiographic study of the entire urinary system is the intravenous pyelogram

False

The image receptor should be placed in portrait alignment for an abdomen study on an obese patient

False

The umbilicus (belly button) is reliable, alternative landmark to use for the obese patient.

False

Which of the following structures is a double fold peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach

Greater omentum

Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3?

Inferior costal margin

Gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if

It obscures essential anatomy

Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?

Left lateral decubitus ( free air best visualized in upper right abdomen in area of liver)

Which of the following projections requires a kV setting of 110 to 125

PA erect chest for free air under diaphragm

Which projection of the three-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm

Pa chest

What is the primary cause for involuntary motion of the abdomen

Peristaltic action of the bowel

The pancreas is located what to the stomach

Posteriorly

Which of the following technical considerations is essential when performing abdomen studies on a young pediatric patient?

Short exposure times, high speed image receptor, reduced kV and mAs

Which of the following is not directly associated with the digestive system

Spleen

A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort

True

Tall asthenic patient may require image receptors placed portrait if the entire abdomen is to be included

True

The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is

Ultrasound