Ch 3 Minerals
What is the hardest mineral?
Diamond
What is calcite special property
Fizzes when hydrochloride acid is added
What does a crystal structure look like?
Flat sides that meet in sharp edges and corners, all mineral have a crystal structure
What is the Cullinan diamond
Found in South Africa 1905 is the largest uncut diamond
What is a special property of fluorite
Glows under ultraviolet light
What mineral is formed evaporated in sea water?
Halite or, rock salt
What are gemstones
Highly prized minerals that are rare and beautoful
How do mineral form from magma?
How and where magma cools determine the size of the mineral crystals
Diamond are used for
Industrial abrasives and cutting tools
What does the repeating of pattern form?
It forms a solid called a crystal
What is a ore
It is a ore if it contains a useful substance that can be mined at a profit
What is a special property of magnetite
It is magnetic
What is uraninite special property
It is radioactive
What does chemical composition mean?
It means made of a single pure substance, or element, such as gold copper or suffer.
What is the softest mineral?
Talc
What is the most obvious characteristic
Color
What are the properties used to identify minerals
Crystal structure Hardness Color Luster Specific gravity Streak Cleavage or fracture Special properties
Sulfurs special property is
It smells like rotten eggs
Halite has what special property
It tastes salty
What happens when it cools slow?
Large crystals form
What are rubies used for
Laser lights
What does solid mean?
Like all solids, has a definite volume and shape
What is luster
Luster is the way a mineral reflects light from its surface
What are most mineral like?
Made of 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a compound
Where do many minerals come from?
Magma, molten rock beneath the earths surface
What minerals can be defined by color?
Malachite- green Azurite- blue
Who made the scale of minerals hardness?
Moh
What characteristics must a mineral have?
Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, has a definite chemical composition and a crystal structure.
What does inorganic mean?
Not formed from living thing or the remains of living things
What does crystalline mean
That the atoms are arrAnged in a pattern that is repeated
What is hardness
The ability of the mineral to resist hardness, one of the most useful properties to identify minerals
What is density
The amount of matter In a given space
What is streak
The color of the powder scrapped off a mineral when it is rubbed against a hard surface
Color is what
The least reliable way to define a mineral
What is cleavage
The tendency of a mineral to split along smooth definite surfaces
What is a vein mineral
This is when Fluids run through weaknesses in rocks and form mineral deposits
What does crystal structure mean?
This means the minerals atoms are arranged In a definite pattern repeated over and over again.
What are quartz used for
Timepieces and electronics
Crystals can also be formed by?
When liquid evaporates, or changes to gas it can leave minerals as crystals
How many kinds of minerals are there?
4000
What is amethyst
A gem form of quartz
What is smelting
A substance is melted to separate it from any unwanted materials that remain
What is the hope diamond
Another diamond famous because the entire family as well as owners suffer misfortune
What is titanium used for
Automobile bodies Aircraft a Eyeglass frames
Why are diamonds useful
Because they are so hard they can scratch almost any material
How many minerals are form by the eight most abundant
100 common minerals
What are the eight most abundant elements?
Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Sodium Potassium Magnesium
How is the crystal shape formed On a mineral
Result from the way the atoms or molecules come together as the mineral forms
What is the most common rock forming mineral group called
Silicates
What do silicates contain
Silicon and oxygen
How hard is a streak plate
Slightly less then 7 on Mohs scale
What happens when it cools fast?
Small crystals form