Ch. 3 Personality

6) What is the "latent content" of a dream, according to Freud?

A) Its underlying hidden meaning

42) An overweight woman who has a secret stash of candy in her office at work constantly criticizes everyone else about their calorie and fat intake and is always passing around the newest fad diet book to all her coworkers. Which of Freud's defense mechanisms best describes this situation?

A) Reaction formation

3) What is the technique of "free association?"

A) Spontaneous and free-flowing association of thoughts and feelings

11) What is the "id"?

A) The part of personality that is unsocialized and only concerned with basic needs

59) The inability to retrieve new memories shortly after an experience has occurred is called __________ amnesia.

A) anterograde

56) One successful way of uncovering memories in psychoanalysis is

A) free association.

4) Freud's theory dealt with sexuality because

A) his sexually repressed Victorian-era patients were troubled by inner conflicts and tensions.

17) The __________ operates under the "pleasure principle," while the __________ operates under the "reality principle."

A) id; ego

5) Freud believed that dreams had two aspects: their

A) manifest and latent content.

30) The Oedipus complex occurs during the ___________ stage.

A) phallic

36) In Freud's usage, a "defense mechanism" has the effect of

A) protecting the person's consciousness from threatening material.

20) Freudian theory uses the term "libido" to refer to

A) the psychic energy that is the basis of drive or motivation.

19) According to Freudians, why do "Freudian slips" occur more often when we are tired or distracted?

B) Defenses are down, and the unconscious slips out.

57) What is a major flaw in Freud's theory of "infantile amnesia"?

B) It does not explain why all memories, even pleasant ones, are repressed.

49) A five-year-old boy has his first day of kindergarten the next day. The night before his first day, he begins to eat with his hands at the dinner table, cry when his mother won't dress him for bed, suck his thumb, and whine when his mother won't stay with him until he falls asleep. Which of Freud's defense mechanisms best describes this situation?

B) Regression

21) Which is not one of the five Freudian stages of psychosexual development?

B) Vaginal

34) According to Freud, a deep unconscious conflict for women centers on

B) a repressed wish to possess a penis.

27) A phobia is

B) an excessive or incapacitating fear.

45) Jewel does not get along with her employer, and today, she found out that she is going to be demoted next week. She didn't confront her boss; instead, when she got home, she yelled at her children and spanked her youngest child for a minor wrongdoing. Jewel's behavior is a classic example of

B) displacement.

30) According to Freud, a male infant FIRST develops attachment to his __________, and a female infant to her ___________.

B) father; father

15) The job of the superego is to

B) internalize the moral rules of society.

12) In psychoanalytic theory, the id has __________ as a main goal.

B) obtaining pleasure

31) What best describes the "Oedipus complex"?

C) A boy's sexual feelings for his mother and rivalry with his father

54) Hypermnesia refers to

C) Freud's most central insight was that much of mental life is unconscious.

55) According to modern researchers such as Drew Westen,

C) Freud's most central insight was that much of mental life is unconscious.

23) What best describes behaviors that would result from a fixation in the oral stage of development?

C) Smoking, biting, chewing, and sucking hard candy

14) An 11-year-old boy is getting bullied at school and has to make a decision what to do about it. According to Freud's theory on the structure of the mind, which scenario best describes a decision made by the ego?

C) The boy realizes that if he were to get into a fight with the bullies during the school day, he might get in trouble with the school, so he decides to wait until after school to teach the bullies a lesson.

2) "Hysteria," common in the 1800s, most often exhibited itself through these symptom(s).

C) Various forms of paralysis

24) Someone who is fixated at the anal stage might

C) be overly neat and organized.

52) In his book Totem and Taboo, Freud traced the origin of civilization to the time when

C) brothers came together and murdered the primal father of the tribe.

10) Freud referred to __________ as the "royal road" to understanding the unconscious.

C) dreams

9) When Freud commented that "sometimes a cigar is just a cigar," he was referring to the fact that

C) he tended to interpret many long, pointy objects as phallic symbols.

28) In Freud's "Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy," Little Hans claimed to be afraid of

C) horses.

53) Freud's view on free will is that

C) humans are driven by unconscious motivations, not free will.

33) The years between the phallic and genital stages is called the ___________ period.

C) latency

51) If Kathleen moves to another state (where her boyfriend also happens to reside), but she states that he had nothing to do with her decision, and that her only reason for moving is that she prefers the climate in the new state, she is most likely to be using __________ as an ego-defense mechanism.

C) rationalization

37) The ego-protective defense mechanism in which traumatic events are pushed into the unconscious is called

C) repression.

46) Sublimation occurs when

C) unhealthy urges are transformed into socially acceptable behaviors.

22) From Freud's perspective, a likely reason for someone to become fixated at the oral stage is that he or she

C) was weaned from breastfeeding too early.

32) The __________ complex is the term given to the female version of the "Oedipus complex"?

D) Electra

41) When a televangelist like Jim Bakker passionately preaches religious morality in public while secretly engaging in immoral sex in private, this may be an example of which defense mechanism?

D) Reaction formation

48) A stressed woman who hides from her problems by climbing into her (older) husband's lap for comfort may be showing which defense mechanism?

D) Regression

43) When terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center in New York, many people were missing. In many cases, their relatives stayed calm and looked for the missing in local hospitals. This calm response is likely due to relatives' use of the defense mechanism of

D) denial.

38) A current controversy that is relevant to the idea of repression deals with

D) implantation of false memories by therapists.

13) The ego

D) looks for realistic ways to satisfy the id.

35) Freud believed that women in abusive relationships were there because

D) they were masochistic.

39) In Freud's time, many reports of childhood sexual molestation

D) were thought to be imagined.

16) Which situation best describes the actions of the superego?

E) A married man always chooses not to cheat on his wife because his religious beliefs deem adultery an immoral act.

8) According to Freudian theory, how might dreams be similar to icebergs?

E) A small part shows and much is hidden.

26) Psychoanalysts would most likely predict which of the following outcomes in adulthood for a child who was severely punished every time he dirtied his diapers?

E) A tendency to save things, like a "pack rat" (stingy)

25) Which trait is not associated with the anal character type?

E) Dependency

58) "Explicit memory" refers to what?

E) Memories that can be directly recalled or recognized

18) When the ego and superego do not do their job properly

E) elements of the id may slip out and be seen.

1) Freud went to Paris to study with the famous neuropathologist J. M. Charcot, who was studying

E) hysteria.

50) Regression in adults

E) is difficult to document.

44) Rudy has unconscious urges to take things that are not his. He has never actually stolen anything, however. He works as a security guard at the mall and is very good at his job because he is very suspicious of others; he sees evidence of thieves all around him. In fact, almost every time he sees an unfamiliar face, he believes the individual to be dishonest and looking for something to snatch. Rudy's ego-defense mechanism is

E) projection.

7) Freudian theory would likely interpret a dream in which someone tries over and over (but fails) to scale a mountain to reach a friend as indicating

E) secret lust for that friend.

47) Explaining great creativity like da Vinci's in terms of a redirection of tremendous sexual energy describes a process of

E) sublimation.

29) Freud attributed Little Hans' phobia of horses to

E) the Oedipus conflict.

40) Reaction formation is when

E) unacceptable urges are transformed into their "opposites."