Ch 30 mastering biology

Arrange the following structures, which can be found on male pine trees, from the largest structure to the smallest structure (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1. sporophyte 2. microspores 3. microsporangia 4. pollen cone 5. pollen nuclei

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Harold and Kumar are pre-med and pre-pharmacy students, respectively. They complain to their biology professor that they should not have to study about plants because plants have little relevance to their chosen professions. Which adaptations of land plants are likely to provide Harold with future patients? I) sporophyte dominance II) defenses against herbivory III) adaptations related to wind dispersal of pollen

2 and 3

Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? 1. They have exposed ovules. 2. They have flagellated sperm. 3. They are pollinated by animals.

2 and 3

A fruit is most commonly

A mature ovary

Consider the seed shown in this figure. Select the correct description of this seed.

A seed includes contributions from three separate generations of plants.

Which of these statements is true about the gametophyte tissue that surrounds the pine embryo?

It functions as A HAPLOID food reserve.

Which of the following lines of evidence would best support your assertion that a particular plant is an angiosperm?

It lacks gametangia.

Gymnosperms were most abundant during the _____.

Mesozoic

Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes gymnosperms and angiosperms from other plants?

alternation of generations

In pines, an embryo is a(n) _____.

an immature sporophyte

A stamen consists of _____.

anther and filament

All seed plants _____.

are heterosporus

Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves, with the adaptive advantage of _____.

decreased surface area, reducing water loss

In pine, the embryo develops within the _____.

female gametophyte

In gymnosperms megaspores develop into _____ .

female gametophytes

Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have _____.

flowers

In the pine, microsporangia form _____ microspores by _____.

haploid ... meiosis

Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the pollen tube of angiosperms?

male gametophyte

What are the products of meiosis in the life cycle of a seed plant?

megaspores and microspores

The male gametophytes of flowering plants are also referred to as _____

pollen grains

The major difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms comes from the _____.

presence or absence of a protective covering over the ovule

In flowering plants the integuments of the ovule develop into a(n) _____.

seed coat

In angiosperms, pollination is the transfer of pollen grain to the _____ of a flower on the same plant or another plant of the same species

stigma

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium?

within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the integument of a pine seed?

female sporophyte

In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a _____.

fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia

Gymnosperms and angiosperms have the following in common except

ovaries

Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated. 1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence 2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence 3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence

3 → 1 → 2

When you look at a pine or maple tree, the plant you see is a _____

Diploid sporophyte

Select the correct statement describing the life cycle of angiosperms.

Double fertilization in the life cycle of seed plants results in the production of a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm nucleus.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?

Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.

Of the four haploid cells produced by a pine cone's megasporocyte (megaspore mother cell), _____ survive(s).

ONE

In pines, the female gametophyte contains _____, each of which contains a(n) _____.

archegonia ... egg

Which of these is unique to flowering plants?

double fertilization

Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that _____.

inhibit herbivory

In pine trees, pollen grains get to the ovule via the _____.

micropyle

The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these sperm cells?

mitosis

Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are all _____.

modified leaves

Unlike most angiosperms, grasses are pollinated by wind. As a consequence, some unnecessary parts of grass flowers have almost disappeared. Which of the following parts would you expect to be most reduced in a grass flower

petals

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed-producing plants?

pollen

The adaptation that made possible the colonization of dry land environments by seed plants is most likely the result of the evolution of _____.

pollen

In seed plants, which of the following is part of a pollen grain and has a function most like that of the seed coat?

sporopollenin

A carpel is composed of _____.

stigma style ovary

Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?

the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle