Ch. 31

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include: 1. insomnia. 2. excessive daytime sleepiness. 3. hypothyroidism. 4. metabolic alkalosis. 1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 4 3, 4

1, 2

Mixed sleep apnea has which of these traits? 1. Obstructive apnea traits 2. Central apnea traits 3. Usually begins as central apnea 4. Usually ends as central apnea 1, 2, 4 2, 4 1, 2, 3 1, 3

1, 2, 3

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea? 1. Acetazolamide 2. Oxygen therapy 3. Inhaled bronchodilator medications 4. Adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP) 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 3

1, 2, 4

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has which of these findings? 1. More than 15 apnea episodes per hour of sleep 2. More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period 3. More than 75% of the apneas are obstructive. 4. More than 75% of the apneas and hypopneas are obstructive. 1, 3, 4 2, 3 2, 3, 4 1, 4

1, 3, 4

Sleep apnea is associated with: 1. increased SVR. 2. decreased SVR. 3. increased PVR. 4. decreased PVR 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 3 1, 3, 4 2,3

1,3

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include: 1. Pickwickian syndrome. 2. depression. 3. encephalitis. 4. brain stem infarction. 1, 2, 3 2, 3, 4 1, 2 3, 4

3,4

First-line treatment for the management of hyperventilation-related central sleep apnea includes: mechanical ventilation adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP). palatopharyngoplasty. CPAP

CPAP

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with? Obstructive sleep apnea Central sleep apnea Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis) COPD

Obstructive sleep apnea

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is life threatening? Sinus bradycardia Premature ventricular contraction Atrioventricular block Ventricular tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia

All of the following are evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study EXCEPT: chest and/or abdominal movement. breath sounds electro-oculogram (EOG) nasal and oral air flow.

breath sounds

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to: find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity. determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation. determine the lowest possible CPAP level.

find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway

The respiratory therapist is evaluating a patient for risk of obstructive sleep apnea. All of the following are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT: hypertension. hypoglycemia excess weight. neck size

hypoglycemia

The rationale behind the use of supplemental oxygen in the treatment of sleep apnea is to: blow off carbon dioxide in the alveolus. increase the respiratory drive in the medulla. preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes stimulate the central chemoreceptors and prevent apneic episodes

preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it: pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator. delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient. stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing prevents airway collapse

prevents airway collapse

All of the following may be an advantage of in-home portable sleep testing EXCEPT: published standards for scoring or interpretation. patient acceptance. convenience. decreased cost.

published standards for scoring or interpretation.

All of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep EXCEPT: the person is easy to awaken dreaming occurs. skeletal muscles are paralyzed the diaphragm functions normally.

the person is easy to awaken