Ch 31 Flash Cards

United Nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Council of Europe

Brought about by the Marshall Plan in 1948 as an attempt to evolve into a Parliament yet became only a multinational debating society.

oil crisis OPEC

Economic crisis of 1973 that occurred when OPEC nations refused to export oil to Western nations. Ensuing economic crisis plagued Gerald Ford's time in office. / Many Arab countries created embargo against US for support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War; and the Iran Revolution caused US to not have enough oil supplies for energy

Treaty of Rome, 1957

Established the ECC the European Economic Community

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Yuri Gagarin

First man in space

Security Council

Five permanent members( US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN. Promised to carry out UN decisions with their own forces.

Charles de Gaulle

French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)

guest workers

Legal immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term.

Francois Mitterrand

The Socialist leader who was the longest serving president of France. Rather than focusing on radical economic policies, he focused on social reform programs and reducing unemployment.

Second Vatican Council (Vatican II)

a national worldwide leadership council from 1962 to 1965 that brought tremendous changes to the catholic church

Margaret Thatcher

leader of conservatives in Great Britain who came to power. Pledged to limit social welfare, restrict union power, and end inflation. Formed Thatcherism, in which her economic policy was termed, and improved the British economic situation. She dominated British politics in 1980s, and her government tried to replace local property taxes with a flat-rate tax payable by every adult. Her popularity fell, and resigned.

The American Challenge

mental health treatment is defined as the use od variatu of mental health therapies, biological as we as psychological in order to alleviate symptoms of mental disorders which significantly interfere with the inmates ability to function in the particular criminal justice environment.

French Fifth Republic

set up by De Gaulle, stronger presidential office with the powers to dissolve the legislature, submit popular issues to the people, and assume emergency power whenever necessary, De Gaulle became the first president and prestige power and stability were returned, Algerian issue was solved when colony was granted independence

French student revolt, 1968

students took over the university, leading to violent clashes with police. Most students demanded changes in curriculum and real voice in running the university

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

used as a common market by 6 member countries (France, West Germany, Benelux countries, Italy) for steel and coal products by eliminating tarriffs and other trade barriers

mixed economy

An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of government regulation and promotion

Simone de Beauvoir

(1908-1986) Existentialist and feminist who has written on the psychology and social position of women.

COMECON

(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) an organization for economic cooperation in European Communist states

Bretton Woods Conference, 1944

1944, (FDR) , The common name for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in New Hampshire, 44 nations at war with the Axis powers met to create a world bank to stabilize international currency, increase investment in under-developed areas, and speed the economic recovery of Europe.

space race

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

General Assembly

A governing body that makes state laws.

welfare state

A government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.

the Six

A public and speedy trial; an impartial jury; to be informed of the nature of the crime; to be confronted by witnesses; right to defense counsel.

World Bank

A specialized agency of the United Nations that makes loans to countries for economic development, trade promotion, and debt consolidation. Its formal name is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

European Economic Community (EEC), Common Market

An economic organization established in 1957 to reduce tariff barriers and promote trade among the countries of Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, Italy, and West Germany. These countries became the original members of the European Community in 1965.

French Fourth Republic

After WWII in france, parliament has control, coalition governments not achieving anything, arguments over Algeria lead to coup d'etat from de Gaulle

GATT International Monetary Fund

Agency in America that made loans to the People that needed extra money at that moment

Christian Democrats

Powerful center to center-right political parties that evolved in the late 1940s in Europe from former Catholic parties of the pre-WWII period. Christian parties gained increasing support in the postwar era, winning elections in par because of their participation in wartime resistance. A vital component of postwar politics, these groups shifted from their decades-old emphasis on advocating church interests to welcoming non-Catholics among their ranks and focusing on democracy, anti-communism, and social reform.

consumerism

THE EMPHASIS PLACED ON PROVIDING TO CUSTOMERS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES THAT ARE SAFE, RELIABLE, AND HONESTLY ADVERTISED; ALSO A SOCIAL MOVEMENT THAT SEEKS TO STRENGTHEN THE RIGHTS OF CONSUMERS RELATIVE TO SELLERS

Euro dollar, euro

The currency used in Europe

European Union (EU)

The regional economical union of most European countries, formed as a result of the two world wars and the European nations desire to hold their own in the world's political and economic stage

women's rights movement

This stemmed from the anger towards men for giving females secondary roles in society and preventing them from participating in policy discussions.

Euratom

an organization created by the Treaty of Rome in 1957 to coordinate nuclear power development by pooling research, investment, and management

Maastricht Treaty, 1991

created the modern organization of the EU, gave it authority in new areas (monetary policy, foreign affairs, national security, transportation, environment, justice, tourism), established three pillars (trade/economic matters, justice/home affairs, common foreign/security policy)

Counter-Culture

group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of culture patterns