ch 4 health promotion for the developing child

autosomal dominant disorder

an abnormal dominant gene is paired with a normal gene

trisomy

an entire single chromosome is added

example of growth and development general to specific

an infant responds to abdominal pain by flailing the extremities; the child responds by guarding the abdomen

child learns to control the elimination processes (freud)

anal

place in correct order the stages of piagets theory of development a. preoperational with magical thinking b. concrete operations with logical thinking c. sensorimotor with object permanence d. formal operations with analysis of situations

c. sensorimotor with object permanence a. preoperational with magical thinking b. concrete operations with logical thinking d. formal operations with analysis of situations

teaching about safety to school-age children should be geared toward their: a. parents b. chronologic age c. cognitive level of development d. ability to answer questions

c. cognitive level of development

an infant responds to an injection by crying and flailing the extremities, whereas a preschooler responds by rubbing the injection site. this is an example of what pattern of development? a. cephalocaudal b. proximodistal c. general to specific d. simple to complex

c. general to specific

the nurse is caring for an infant girl with hemophilia. the nurse realizes that: a. both parents must be carriers b. hemophilia is an autosomal dominant disorder c. her mother is a carrier and her father has hemophilia d. the infant has been misdiagnosed

c. her mother is a carrier and her father has hemophilia

which pair of anthropometric data reflect an 18-month-olds current nutritional status? a. head circumference b. body mass index and height c. weight and midarm circumference d. dietary history and weight

c. weight and midarm circumference

x-linked recessive disorder

carried on the x chromosome in females

____________________ is an indicator of brain growth

head circumference

list three parameters used to measure growth in infants and children

height, weight, head circumference

why is it important to gather data about a hospitalized child's food preferences?

hospitalization is stressful, they don't need the added stress of unfamiliar foods

(erikson) _________________ vs role confusion

identity

(erikson) trust vs ___________

mistrust

why is dietary fat intake not restricted in children younger than 2 years?

need sufficient calories for supporting rapid growth

corresponding state of growth and development 3 weeks

newborn

list four methods of assessing development

observation interview physical exam standardized assessment tools interactions with child and family

polyploidy

one or more sets of chromosomes is added

child explores the world with the mouth (freud)

oral

type of play cooperative

organized with group goals

homozygous

pair of alleles is identical

heterozygous

pair of alleles that are not identical

translocation

part or all of a chromosome is attached to another

child initially demonstrates aggression toward the same sex parent (freud)

phallic

fats

play role in maintaining body temperature

corresponding state of growth and development 4 years

preschool age

expressive language is the ability to ________________________________

produce meaningful speech

cephalocaudal

progression from head to toe

proximodistal

progression from midline to periphery

list at least three interventions that nurses might use when working with families with genetic abnormalities

refer families for genetic counseling assess for abnormalities act as advocates support positive coping provide education

vitamins/minerals

regulates metabolic processes

symbolic play uses games and interactions to

represent concerns needed to be addressed

multifactorial disorder

results from interaction between genetic susceptibility an environmental factors during the prenatal period

formal operations (piaget)

thinks abstractly

corresponding state of growth and development 2 years

toddlerhood

what is heredity?

transmission of genetic characteristic from parent to child

heredity

transmission of genetic characteristics

water

transports nutrients to and waste away from cells

receptive language is the ability to _________________________

understand speech

what is the leading cause of death in children?

unintentional injury

symbolic play

use of games and interactions that represent an issue or a concern

familiarization

use of materials associated with health care in creative, playful activities

primary dentition consists of _________ teeth; permanent teeth number __________

20; 32

list three methods of obtaining a dietary history

24 hour dietary recall food frequency questionnaire food diary

after age 3, fats should comprise no more than _____% of daily calories

25-35%

(kohlberg) example of preconventional morality

"i won't hit them because mommy will yell at me"

(kohlberg) example of postconventional morality

"i wont blast my radio in the dorm. it is not fair to the other students"

(kohlberg) example of conventional morality

"i'll be good in school to make daddy happy"

an infants birth weight doubles by __________ and triples by _________

6 months; 1 year

T/F an otherwise healthy child with a low-grade fever should not be immunized at this time

F

T/F because all states require immunizations for child attending school, obtaining parental informed consent before immunization is not necessary

F

T/F nurses are able to diagnose developmental delays with the DDST-II

F

T/F only inherited diseases affect growth and development

F

T/F standard growth curves are appropriate for assessing children regardless of racial or ethnic background

F

T/F the DDST-II is similar to an IQ test

F

T/F the preferred site for intramuscular injections for infants and toddlers is the deltoid muscle

F

which theorist described how children learn?

Piaget

T/F acetaminophen can be given to relieve the discomfort associated with vaccine administration

T

T/F children may regress to an earlier stage of development when they are stressed

T

T/F environmental factors influence growth and development prenatally and after birth

T

T/F immunizations are effective at decreasing childhood infectious diseases

T

T/F parenting practices are dependent on the child's temperament

T

T/F parents should be present during DDST-II screening

T

T/F when administering more than one injection, the nurse should give the vaccines with separate syringes

T

T/F when completing the DDST-II, the nurse should ask the parents whether the child behaved normally during the screening

T

example of growth and development simple to complex

a toddler uses two-word sentences; a preschooler tells stories

why are the child's height, weight, and head circumference plotted on standardized growth charts at every well-child checkup?

allows for comparison of statistical norms; trends the childs growth pattern; allows for early detection of abnormal growth patterns

which is a characteristic of eriksons theory of development? a. a 3-month-old infant develops trust thru consistent care b. a 22-month-old toddler develop autonomy thru magical thinking c. a 4-year-old child develops initiative by avoiding disapproval d. a 12-year-old school-age child develops industry by mastering useful skills e. a 15 year old adolescent develops identity by gaining independence from parents f. a 21 year old adult develops generativity by developing a mutual relationship with another person

a. a 3-month-old infant develops trust thru consistent care d. a 12-year-old school-age child develops industry by mastering useful skills e. a 15 year old adolescent develops identity by gaining independence from parents f. a 21 year old adult develops generativity by developing a mutual relationship with another person

a child's growth and development are affected by: a. cultural background b. heredity c. socioeconomic status d. immunizations e. safety

a. cultural background b. heredity c. socioeconomic status

cephalocaudal development follows: a. the pattern of myelinization b. the development of the bronchial tree c. language development d. neuromuscular development

a. the pattern of myelinization

corresponding state of growth and development 17 years

adolescence

developmental age

age based on functional behavior

chronologic age

age in years

teratogen

agent in the environment that causes birth defects

genes may have two or more alternate forms called _______________

alleles

(erikson) _______________ vs shame and doubt

autonomy

_______________ are any of the 22 chromosome pairs that are not sex chromosomes

autosomes

the secondary dietary source of energy is a. carbohydrates b. fats c. proteins d. vitamins

b. fats

parents of a preschooler are concerned because she wants "to marry" her father and told her mother to "go outside and get hit by a car". the nurse realizes that the: a. family should seek counseling b. preschooler's behavior is normal c. preschooler needs to be seen by a social worker d. parents are not addressing the child's need for initiative

b. preschooler's behavior is normal

what is anticipatory guidance?

basic info about normal growth and development given to parents as child approaches new developmental age

learning

behavior changes that occur as a result of maturation and experience with environment

define critical period

block of time where children are able to master developmental tasks

autosomal recessive disorder

both alleles are abnormal

growth spurts

brief periods of rapid increase in growth rate

proteins

builds and maintains body tissue

type of play onlooker

child observing others playing

dramatic play

children act out roles and experiences that happened to them or someone else or that they fear

language development closely parallels _______________ development

cognitive

____________ is the infant's first method of communication

crying

the nurse is teaching a 16-year-old girl about immunizations. which statement made by the adolescent indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "i should receive a second dose of the varicella vaccine when i am an adult" b. "when i receive the Td booster, i should expect to feel flu-like symptoms for 2 to 3 days afterwards" c. "i should receive a vaccine for smallpox before i leave for college" d. "when i receive the HPV immunization it will be given as three separate doses, with the second dose 4 weeks after the first, and the third dose 12 weeks after"

d. "when i receive the HPV immunization it will be given as three separate doses, with the second dose 4 weeks after the first, and the third dose 12 weeks after"

an adolescent who has been losing weight will record everything he eats for 3 days. this is an example of: a. anthopometric measurement b. cultural influences on diet c. dietary guidelines d. a dietary history

d. a dietary history

nurses can prevent childhood injuries by: a. modeling safety practices b. educating parents thru anticipatory guidance c. supporting legislation that advocates safety measures d. all of the above

d. all of the above

when children play board games, they learn that taking turns is rewarded and that cheating is not rewarded. this fosters their: a. physical development b. cognitive development c. emotional development d. moral development

d. moral development

a 12-month-old child's immunization record indicates that only one set of immunizations was given at 2 months. the nurse knows that: a. the entire series of immunizations must be repeated b. the OPV vaccine should be given now c. it is dangerous to re-administer the hepatitis B vaccine d. the DTaP vaccine and not the dT vaccine should be given

d. the DTaP vaccine and not the dT vaccine should be given

the denver developmental screening test II (DDST-II) assesses development in which four functional areas?

gross motor fine motor personal social language

type of play associative

group play without group goals

an increase in physical size is referred to as:

growth

nurses must be familiar with normal patterns of growth and development so that __________ can be detected and treated early

delays

_____________ is an increase in capabilities resulting from growth, maturation, and learning

development

nurses need to have an understanding of growth and development to design care plans that are:

developmentally appropriate for meeting child's needs

sensorimotor (piaget)

develops sense of object permanence

concrete operations (piaget)

distinguishes fact from fantasy

monosomy

entire single chromosome is missing

preoperational (piaget)

exhibits magical thinking

nutrients

foods that supply the body with elements necessary for metabolism

practice play is also known as

functional or sensorimotor play

DNA is the basic building block of ____________ and _______________

genes and chromosomes

child develops an adult view of sexuality (freud)

genital

physical change in the complexity of body structures that enables higher-level functioning is known as:

maturation

example of growth and development proximodistal

in the embryo, the trachea develops first, followed by outward development of the bronchial tree

type of play solitary

independent play

corresponding state of growth and development 10 months

infancy

which developmental stages are periods of rapid physical growth?

infancy and adolescence

the first growth spurt occurs during ___________-; the second during ________________

infancy; adolescence

(erikson) industry vs ______________

inferiority

(erikson) _________ vs guilt

initiative

a _______________ is a photograph of chromosomes arranged in pairs from largest to smallest

karyotype

child typically prefers same-sex friends (freud)

latency

changes in behavior that occur as the result of both maturation and experience with the environment are called:

learning

carbohydrates

major dietary source of energy

games include _______

rules

corresponding state of growth and development 8 years

school age

type of play parallel

side-by-side play without interaction

define the term play

tasks done to amuse oneself that have behavioral, social, or psychomotor rewards

example of growth an development cephalocaudal

the infant can lift his or her head before being able to lift his or her trunk

what are questions that the nurse should ask during the initial interview for a 4-year-old during a well-child check up?

what does your child like to do at home? describe your child's typical day. can your child throw a ball, ride a tricycle, climb? can your child draw pictures and color them? how effective is your child's use of language?