ch 4 health promotion for the developing child
autosomal dominant disorder
an abnormal dominant gene is paired with a normal gene
trisomy
an entire single chromosome is added
example of growth and development general to specific
an infant responds to abdominal pain by flailing the extremities; the child responds by guarding the abdomen
child learns to control the elimination processes (freud)
anal
place in correct order the stages of piagets theory of development a. preoperational with magical thinking b. concrete operations with logical thinking c. sensorimotor with object permanence d. formal operations with analysis of situations
c. sensorimotor with object permanence a. preoperational with magical thinking b. concrete operations with logical thinking d. formal operations with analysis of situations
teaching about safety to school-age children should be geared toward their: a. parents b. chronologic age c. cognitive level of development d. ability to answer questions
c. cognitive level of development
an infant responds to an injection by crying and flailing the extremities, whereas a preschooler responds by rubbing the injection site. this is an example of what pattern of development? a. cephalocaudal b. proximodistal c. general to specific d. simple to complex
c. general to specific
the nurse is caring for an infant girl with hemophilia. the nurse realizes that: a. both parents must be carriers b. hemophilia is an autosomal dominant disorder c. her mother is a carrier and her father has hemophilia d. the infant has been misdiagnosed
c. her mother is a carrier and her father has hemophilia
which pair of anthropometric data reflect an 18-month-olds current nutritional status? a. head circumference b. body mass index and height c. weight and midarm circumference d. dietary history and weight
c. weight and midarm circumference
x-linked recessive disorder
carried on the x chromosome in females
____________________ is an indicator of brain growth
head circumference
list three parameters used to measure growth in infants and children
height, weight, head circumference
why is it important to gather data about a hospitalized child's food preferences?
hospitalization is stressful, they don't need the added stress of unfamiliar foods
(erikson) _________________ vs role confusion
identity
(erikson) trust vs ___________
mistrust
why is dietary fat intake not restricted in children younger than 2 years?
need sufficient calories for supporting rapid growth
corresponding state of growth and development 3 weeks
newborn
list four methods of assessing development
observation interview physical exam standardized assessment tools interactions with child and family
polyploidy
one or more sets of chromosomes is added
child explores the world with the mouth (freud)
oral
type of play cooperative
organized with group goals
homozygous
pair of alleles is identical
heterozygous
pair of alleles that are not identical
translocation
part or all of a chromosome is attached to another
child initially demonstrates aggression toward the same sex parent (freud)
phallic
fats
play role in maintaining body temperature
corresponding state of growth and development 4 years
preschool age
expressive language is the ability to ________________________________
produce meaningful speech
cephalocaudal
progression from head to toe
proximodistal
progression from midline to periphery
list at least three interventions that nurses might use when working with families with genetic abnormalities
refer families for genetic counseling assess for abnormalities act as advocates support positive coping provide education
vitamins/minerals
regulates metabolic processes
symbolic play uses games and interactions to
represent concerns needed to be addressed
multifactorial disorder
results from interaction between genetic susceptibility an environmental factors during the prenatal period
formal operations (piaget)
thinks abstractly
corresponding state of growth and development 2 years
toddlerhood
what is heredity?
transmission of genetic characteristic from parent to child
heredity
transmission of genetic characteristics
water
transports nutrients to and waste away from cells
receptive language is the ability to _________________________
understand speech
what is the leading cause of death in children?
unintentional injury
symbolic play
use of games and interactions that represent an issue or a concern
familiarization
use of materials associated with health care in creative, playful activities
primary dentition consists of _________ teeth; permanent teeth number __________
20; 32
list three methods of obtaining a dietary history
24 hour dietary recall food frequency questionnaire food diary
after age 3, fats should comprise no more than _____% of daily calories
25-35%
(kohlberg) example of preconventional morality
"i won't hit them because mommy will yell at me"
(kohlberg) example of postconventional morality
"i wont blast my radio in the dorm. it is not fair to the other students"
(kohlberg) example of conventional morality
"i'll be good in school to make daddy happy"
an infants birth weight doubles by __________ and triples by _________
6 months; 1 year
T/F an otherwise healthy child with a low-grade fever should not be immunized at this time
F
T/F because all states require immunizations for child attending school, obtaining parental informed consent before immunization is not necessary
F
T/F nurses are able to diagnose developmental delays with the DDST-II
F
T/F only inherited diseases affect growth and development
F
T/F standard growth curves are appropriate for assessing children regardless of racial or ethnic background
F
T/F the DDST-II is similar to an IQ test
F
T/F the preferred site for intramuscular injections for infants and toddlers is the deltoid muscle
F
which theorist described how children learn?
Piaget
T/F acetaminophen can be given to relieve the discomfort associated with vaccine administration
T
T/F children may regress to an earlier stage of development when they are stressed
T
T/F environmental factors influence growth and development prenatally and after birth
T
T/F immunizations are effective at decreasing childhood infectious diseases
T
T/F parenting practices are dependent on the child's temperament
T
T/F parents should be present during DDST-II screening
T
T/F when administering more than one injection, the nurse should give the vaccines with separate syringes
T
T/F when completing the DDST-II, the nurse should ask the parents whether the child behaved normally during the screening
T
example of growth and development simple to complex
a toddler uses two-word sentences; a preschooler tells stories
why are the child's height, weight, and head circumference plotted on standardized growth charts at every well-child checkup?
allows for comparison of statistical norms; trends the childs growth pattern; allows for early detection of abnormal growth patterns
which is a characteristic of eriksons theory of development? a. a 3-month-old infant develops trust thru consistent care b. a 22-month-old toddler develop autonomy thru magical thinking c. a 4-year-old child develops initiative by avoiding disapproval d. a 12-year-old school-age child develops industry by mastering useful skills e. a 15 year old adolescent develops identity by gaining independence from parents f. a 21 year old adult develops generativity by developing a mutual relationship with another person
a. a 3-month-old infant develops trust thru consistent care d. a 12-year-old school-age child develops industry by mastering useful skills e. a 15 year old adolescent develops identity by gaining independence from parents f. a 21 year old adult develops generativity by developing a mutual relationship with another person
a child's growth and development are affected by: a. cultural background b. heredity c. socioeconomic status d. immunizations e. safety
a. cultural background b. heredity c. socioeconomic status
cephalocaudal development follows: a. the pattern of myelinization b. the development of the bronchial tree c. language development d. neuromuscular development
a. the pattern of myelinization
corresponding state of growth and development 17 years
adolescence
developmental age
age based on functional behavior
chronologic age
age in years
teratogen
agent in the environment that causes birth defects
genes may have two or more alternate forms called _______________
alleles
(erikson) _______________ vs shame and doubt
autonomy
_______________ are any of the 22 chromosome pairs that are not sex chromosomes
autosomes
the secondary dietary source of energy is a. carbohydrates b. fats c. proteins d. vitamins
b. fats
parents of a preschooler are concerned because she wants "to marry" her father and told her mother to "go outside and get hit by a car". the nurse realizes that the: a. family should seek counseling b. preschooler's behavior is normal c. preschooler needs to be seen by a social worker d. parents are not addressing the child's need for initiative
b. preschooler's behavior is normal
what is anticipatory guidance?
basic info about normal growth and development given to parents as child approaches new developmental age
learning
behavior changes that occur as a result of maturation and experience with environment
define critical period
block of time where children are able to master developmental tasks
autosomal recessive disorder
both alleles are abnormal
growth spurts
brief periods of rapid increase in growth rate
proteins
builds and maintains body tissue
type of play onlooker
child observing others playing
dramatic play
children act out roles and experiences that happened to them or someone else or that they fear
language development closely parallels _______________ development
cognitive
____________ is the infant's first method of communication
crying
the nurse is teaching a 16-year-old girl about immunizations. which statement made by the adolescent indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "i should receive a second dose of the varicella vaccine when i am an adult" b. "when i receive the Td booster, i should expect to feel flu-like symptoms for 2 to 3 days afterwards" c. "i should receive a vaccine for smallpox before i leave for college" d. "when i receive the HPV immunization it will be given as three separate doses, with the second dose 4 weeks after the first, and the third dose 12 weeks after"
d. "when i receive the HPV immunization it will be given as three separate doses, with the second dose 4 weeks after the first, and the third dose 12 weeks after"
an adolescent who has been losing weight will record everything he eats for 3 days. this is an example of: a. anthopometric measurement b. cultural influences on diet c. dietary guidelines d. a dietary history
d. a dietary history
nurses can prevent childhood injuries by: a. modeling safety practices b. educating parents thru anticipatory guidance c. supporting legislation that advocates safety measures d. all of the above
d. all of the above
when children play board games, they learn that taking turns is rewarded and that cheating is not rewarded. this fosters their: a. physical development b. cognitive development c. emotional development d. moral development
d. moral development
a 12-month-old child's immunization record indicates that only one set of immunizations was given at 2 months. the nurse knows that: a. the entire series of immunizations must be repeated b. the OPV vaccine should be given now c. it is dangerous to re-administer the hepatitis B vaccine d. the DTaP vaccine and not the dT vaccine should be given
d. the DTaP vaccine and not the dT vaccine should be given
the denver developmental screening test II (DDST-II) assesses development in which four functional areas?
gross motor fine motor personal social language
type of play associative
group play without group goals
an increase in physical size is referred to as:
growth
nurses must be familiar with normal patterns of growth and development so that __________ can be detected and treated early
delays
_____________ is an increase in capabilities resulting from growth, maturation, and learning
development
nurses need to have an understanding of growth and development to design care plans that are:
developmentally appropriate for meeting child's needs
sensorimotor (piaget)
develops sense of object permanence
concrete operations (piaget)
distinguishes fact from fantasy
monosomy
entire single chromosome is missing
preoperational (piaget)
exhibits magical thinking
nutrients
foods that supply the body with elements necessary for metabolism
practice play is also known as
functional or sensorimotor play
DNA is the basic building block of ____________ and _______________
genes and chromosomes
child develops an adult view of sexuality (freud)
genital
physical change in the complexity of body structures that enables higher-level functioning is known as:
maturation
example of growth and development proximodistal
in the embryo, the trachea develops first, followed by outward development of the bronchial tree
type of play solitary
independent play
corresponding state of growth and development 10 months
infancy
which developmental stages are periods of rapid physical growth?
infancy and adolescence
the first growth spurt occurs during ___________-; the second during ________________
infancy; adolescence
(erikson) industry vs ______________
inferiority
(erikson) _________ vs guilt
initiative
a _______________ is a photograph of chromosomes arranged in pairs from largest to smallest
karyotype
child typically prefers same-sex friends (freud)
latency
changes in behavior that occur as the result of both maturation and experience with the environment are called:
learning
carbohydrates
major dietary source of energy
games include _______
rules
corresponding state of growth and development 8 years
school age
type of play parallel
side-by-side play without interaction
define the term play
tasks done to amuse oneself that have behavioral, social, or psychomotor rewards
example of growth an development cephalocaudal
the infant can lift his or her head before being able to lift his or her trunk
what are questions that the nurse should ask during the initial interview for a 4-year-old during a well-child check up?
what does your child like to do at home? describe your child's typical day. can your child throw a ball, ride a tricycle, climb? can your child draw pictures and color them? how effective is your child's use of language?