Ch 4. Study Guide
The basis for the excitation of excitable cells is an electrical charge on the plasma membrane.
true
Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.
false
The basis for the excitation of excitable cells is an electrical charge on the plasma membrane.
false
The duct of an exocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.
false
The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called
fibrosis
What kind of cells would you expect to see in a tissue that has a mucus coating on the apical surface?
Goblet cells
__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called __________________ tissues.
Muscular and nervous; excitable
_______________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the ________________.
Nonkeratinized; vagina
Which of the following features is not common to all connective tissues?
The cells of connective tissue are arranged in layers or sheets.
Which of the following is a function of blood?
Transport nutrients to the tissues
Fibrous conective tissue has all of the following features except
a calcified matrix.
Body cavities, the body surface, and many organs are lined with _______________.
epithelial tissue
It is normal for the uterus to shrink after a woman gives birth. This is facilitated by ________ of the cells of the uterus.
apoptosis
It is normal for the uterus to shrink after a woman gives birth. This is is facilitated by ________ of the cells of the uterus.
apoptosis
Many blood vessels are found in __________________ tissue, however _______________ is free of blood capillaries.
areolar; cartilage
The cells found in mature cartilage are called _________ and are trapped in spaces called ___________.
chondrocytes; lacunae
Cells that are taller than they are wide are called _____________ cells.
columnar
Fibroblasts and collagen fibers are associated with both __________.
dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues
The shape of a person's external ear is given by
elastic cartilage
Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?
energy storage
A muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________.
entire cell
The membrane that lines the lumen of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of
epithelium and areolar connective tissue.
The basement membrane is found between __________.
epithelium and connective tissue
Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.
false
Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.
false
Fibrous connective tissues include all of the following except
hyaline cartilage
The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except
fibrous
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.
glial cells
A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a
histological section.
Endocrine glands secrete __________________ into __________________.
hormones; the blood
After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to _______ of muscle cells.
hypertrophy
Tear glands have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis. These are classified as ___________ glands. However, __________________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.
merocrine; holocrine
________membranes lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.
mucous
Mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product, is produced by ___________ glands. However, __________________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.
mucous; serous
The epithelium of the lungs in smokers may transform into abnormal cells that continue to multiply to form an abnormal mass. This exemplifies
neoplasia
All cells in ________________ epithelium reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.
pseudostratified columnar
The replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same cells as before is called ___________.
regeneration
An epithelium with a single layer of tall, narrow cells and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________.
simple columnar
A brush border of microvilli belongs to _______________ epithelium found in the ______________.
simple columnar; small intestine
Most kidney tubules are made of ____________, which are specialized for absorption and secretion.
simple cuboidal epithelium
The tissue that best allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs is called ___________ epithelium.
simple squamous
Epithelium that is associated with rapid diffusion is ___________, whereas __________ epithelium is best suited for resistance to abrasion.
simple squamous; stratified squamous
Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because
smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.
Cells that are flat and tile-shaped are called _____________ cells.
squamous
Skeletal muscle is described as
striated and voluntary.
Collagenous fibers are very abundant in
tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.
Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.
true
In an epithelium, there are no blood vessels.
true
Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.
true
Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.
true
To increase surface area for absorption, columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of cilia on the apical surface.
true
Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastic fibers. People with this syndrome may have
weak arterial walls.