Ch 4. Study Guide

The basis for the excitation of excitable cells is an electrical charge on the plasma membrane.

true

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.

false

The basis for the excitation of excitable cells is an electrical charge on the plasma membrane.

false

The duct of an exocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface.

false

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called

fibrosis

What kind of cells would you expect to see in a tissue that has a mucus coating on the apical surface?

Goblet cells

__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called __________________ tissues.

Muscular and nervous; excitable

_______________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the ________________.

Nonkeratinized; vagina

Which of the following features is not common to all connective tissues?

The cells of connective tissue are arranged in layers or sheets.

Which of the following is a function of blood?

Transport nutrients to the tissues

Fibrous conective tissue has all of the following features except

a calcified matrix.

Body cavities, the body surface, and many organs are lined with _______________.

epithelial tissue

It is normal for the uterus to shrink after a woman gives birth. This is facilitated by ________ of the cells of the uterus.

apoptosis

It is normal for the uterus to shrink after a woman gives birth. This is is facilitated by ________ of the cells of the uterus.

apoptosis

Many blood vessels are found in __________________ tissue, however _______________ is free of blood capillaries.

areolar; cartilage

The cells found in mature cartilage are called _________ and are trapped in spaces called ___________.

chondrocytes; lacunae

Cells that are taller than they are wide are called _____________ cells.

columnar

Fibroblasts and collagen fibers are associated with both __________.

dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues

The shape of a person's external ear is given by

elastic cartilage

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?

energy storage

A muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________.

entire cell

The membrane that lines the lumen of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of

epithelium and areolar connective tissue.

The basement membrane is found between __________.

epithelium and connective tissue

Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.

false

Dendrites in a neuron send outgoing signals to other cells.

false

Fibrous connective tissues include all of the following except

hyaline cartilage

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except

fibrous

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.

glial cells

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a

histological section.

Endocrine glands secrete __________________ into __________________.

hormones; the blood

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to _______ of muscle cells.

hypertrophy

Tear glands have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis. These are classified as ___________ glands. However, __________________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

merocrine; holocrine

________membranes lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.

mucous

Mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product, is produced by ___________ glands. However, __________________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

mucous; serous

The epithelium of the lungs in smokers may transform into abnormal cells that continue to multiply to form an abnormal mass. This exemplifies

neoplasia

All cells in ________________ epithelium reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

pseudostratified columnar

The replacement of dead or damaged cells by the same cells as before is called ___________.

regeneration

An epithelium with a single layer of tall, narrow cells and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________.

simple columnar

A brush border of microvilli belongs to _______________ epithelium found in the ______________.

simple columnar; small intestine

Most kidney tubules are made of ____________, which are specialized for absorption and secretion.

simple cuboidal epithelium

The tissue that best allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs is called ___________ epithelium.

simple squamous

Epithelium that is associated with rapid diffusion is ___________, whereas __________ epithelium is best suited for resistance to abrasion.

simple squamous; stratified squamous

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.

Cells that are flat and tile-shaped are called _____________ cells.

squamous

Skeletal muscle is described as

striated and voluntary.

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

true

In an epithelium, there are no blood vessels.

true

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.

true

Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.

true

To increase surface area for absorption, columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of cilia on the apical surface.

true

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastic fibers. People with this syndrome may have

weak arterial walls.