Ch. 4 study guide The geographic setting

What is thought to represents the defining feat of Europe's industrial revolution?

led to massive growth in urban areas; leading to democratization

One resident of Europe averages about ____________ the energy consumption of the average North American resident.

one-half

The entire European region is one giant _____________ extending off the Eurasian continent.

peninsula

The event that led to the first major inclusion of common people in Europe's political process was the:

1789 French revolution

By what decade had most of the former European colonies achieved independence?

1900's

France receives about ___ percent of its electricity by nuclear power.

78

Seawater remains in the Mediterranean Sea for approximately __________ before it flows back into the Atlantic Ocean.

80 years

Following Romania's entry into the European Union, the number of pig farmers had fallen by approximately what percent?

90

Compared to the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean, with what problem must the Mediterranean, Baltic, and Black seas contend?

Accumulating high levels of pollution

What physical descriptors are used for Europe's largest mountain chain?

Alps

The collective term used to refer to the group of countries that includes Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, and others is ________________.

Balkans

By the nineteenth century, __________________ had become the world's greatest economic power.

Britain

In _____________, businesses are owned privately; in ____________, all farms, industry, and land are owned by the government.

Capitalism / Communism

During late Roman times, what religion dominated politics and daily life in general across Europe?

Catholic Church

In a system of _______________, a central bureaucracy dictates prices and outputs with the aim of allocating goods and services across society according to need.

Central planning

European town charters can be considered the precursors of:

Civil rights movement; legal documentation for people with few resources could protect their rights.

The period of conflict and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union is known as the ____________________.

Cold War

The process by which cultures become more similar is called __________________.

Cultural homogenization

The _____________ River connects the center of Europe with the Black Sea.

Danube

Describe a feudal social system.

Defend a much larger group. serfs, who were legally bound to live on and cultivate plots of lands for the knights.

Feudalism developed in medieval Europe in order to:

Defend rural areas against local bandits and raiders from Scandinavia and Erasain interior.

To deal with the challenges posed by the North Atlantic Drift, Europeans have developed a sophisticated system of:

Drainage system for their houses and communities.

Europe lies on the westernmost extension of which tectonic plate?

Eurasian plate

What is the name of the supranational institution that includes most countries of Europe and will create a common market among them?

European Union (EU)

Literacy rates in medieval Europe received a boost from the invention of:

European version of the printing press

Which of the following does NOT explain why the average European uses less energy than the average North American?

European waste systems are based more on septic systems than sewer systems.

Which of the following did NOT occur during the Age of Exploration in Europe, according to the text?

Feudalism emerged as the dominant social system

The instigator of both world wars is generally considered to have been (Looking for a country):

Germany

What is the name for the type of political parties that have emerged across Europe in response to environmental issues?

Green

The philosophy known as _____________________ emphasized the dignity and worth of the individual regardless of wealth or social status.

Humanism

What climate type dominates eastern Europe and consists of hot summers and long, cold winters?

Humid Continental climate

How is the European Mediterranean climate best described?

Includes patterns of warm, dry summers & mild, rainy winters.

The term used after World War II to describe the long, fortified border zone between Western Europe and Eastern Europe is:

Iron Curtain

What groups of people were targeted for execution in the Holocaust?

Jews; ethnic poles, other slavs, roma (gypsies), disabled ,mentally ill, gay ect.

Romance languages are derived from ___________.

Latin

In 1800, the two largest cities in Europe were:

London & paris

Following the world wars, Europe was reconstructed partially with the assistance of the United States under the _____________________.

Marshall plan

_________________ is the strategy for increasing a country's power and wealth by acquiring colonies and managing all aspects of their production and trade for the colonizer's benefit.

Mercantilism

In a Mediterranean climate the winters are _______ and _______.

Mildy / rainy

What is the name for the nineteenth-century idea that loyalty to the nation should supersede all other loyalties?

Nationalism

According to the textbook, western Europe includes all of the following subregions EXCEPT:

North Europe, except Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia

The most extensive land formation in Europe is the ___________________.

North European plain

The economic core of Europe is located where the Rhine River meets the:

North Sea

What sea in Europe contains substantial deposits of oil and gas?

North Sea

Which major bodies of water on the European continent are NOT nearly landlocked?

North Sea, The Arctic & Atlantic

What major event occurred in 1989 in Germany?

Opens the Berlin Wall

The coastal zones of the North European Plain are best described as:

Populous

What movement arose to challenge the elitist practices of the Catholic Church?

Protestant Reformers

The greatest challenge to Roman Catholicism in medieval Europe was:

Protestnat reformers

Air pollution is heavy over the North European Plain due to all of the following factors EXCEPT:

Radioactive particles created by nuclear energy.

What was the goal of the various types of welfare states that were introduced throughout Europe?

Reduce extreme disparities in well-being that had been made worse with industrialization

The laws determining how individuals own, buy, and sell land originated in ___________.

Rome

Europe's largest port is:

Rotterdam

What countries are the major supplier of crude oil and natural gas to Europe?

Russia, Belarus & Ukraine

What term describes the class of people in a feudal system who do not own land but support the noble (land-owning) class through revenues generated by crop production?

Serfs

The U.S.-based meat company that began operating in the European Union around 2007, when Romania entered the EU, was:

Smithfield Fortune 500 meat compnay

The first two civilizations in Europe were found in ___________________.

Southern Europe Greece & Rome

Seawater flows into the Mediterranean Sea through the:

Strait of Gibraltar

The climate zone that dominates in northwestern Europe is the:

Temperate midlatitude

What are the three major climate zones of Europe?

Temperate midlatitude climate, mediterranean climate & humid continental climate

The peninsula shared by Portugal and Spain is:

The Iberian peninsula

What river valley serves as the major transport corridor from the Alps to Rotterdam, Europe's largest port?

The Rhine

The European river that carries the most traffic is the:

The Rhine river

Karl Marx's treatise titled ________________________ helped European social reformers articulate ideas on how wealth could be more equitably distributed.

The communist Manifesto

Which of the following does NOT describe the Guerilla Gardener movement?

The mandatory inclusion of gardens and public spaces

Europe's moderate climate is largely due to the:

The peninsulas-large bodies of water surrounds the peninsulas;eastwards blowing winds push (North atlantic drift)air over n. and w europe.

What social institution was introduced to address the huge inequities in well-being exacerbated through industrialization by guaranteeing the basic necessities of life for all people?

The welfare state

Why are the Mediterranean and Black Seas prone to heavier loads of pollution than the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea?

They are landlocked

The present-day site of the Ottoman Empire is _________________.

Turkey

The term ______________________ is used to describe the volume of water used to produce all that a person consumes in one year.

Virtual water

A(n) _______________________ accepts responsibility for the well-being of its people, guaranteeing basic necessities such as education, employment, and health care.

Welfare states

What are the environmental goals of the European Union?

clean air & water; sustainable development in agiratule industry, and energy use & maintenance of biodiversity.