Ch. 4 U.S. History

What did English Puritans emphasize instead of Catholic rituals?

A. A personal relationship with God

How did Puritans view Quakers?

B. As dangerous to the Puritan faith and social order

New England Puritanism owed its religious roots to the

C. Protestant Reformation of the early sixteenth century.

During most of the seventeenth century, New Netherland was

C. under the control of the Dutch.

How did the English monarchs James I and Charles I react to the ideas of Puritan reformers?

D. Both enforced conformity to the Church of England.

Epithet for members of the Society of Friends. Their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an "inner light" and that neither clergy nor the Bible was essential to discovering God's Word put them in conflict with orthodox Puritans.

J. Quakers

Heretical people who sought withdrawal from the Church of England, including the Pilgrims.

K. Separatists

According to the Puritan doctrine of predestination, how could one achieve salvation after death?

A. Puritans could do nothing to alter God's ruling on their fate.

Which colony attracted dissenters through the protection of "Liberty of Conscience"?

A. Rhode Island

Individuals who believed that Christians could be saved by faith alone and did not need to act in accordance with God's law as set forth in the Bible. Puritan leaders considered this belief to be a heresy.

A. antinomians

The Puritans, who described themselves as Separatists, believed that

A. the Church of England was corrupt beyond redemption.

Christian doctrine of Swiss Protestant theologian John Calvin. Its chief tenet was predestination, the idea that God had determined which human souls would receive eternal salvation. Despite this, the doctrine promoted strict discipline in all aspects of life.

B. Calvinism

What problem did the Halfway Covenant address?

B. Declining church membership

Unlike most other immigrant groups in American history, the migration to Puritan New England included

B. a great number of complete families.

Henry VIII's reform effort that banned the Catholic Church and declared the English monarch head of the new Church of England but did little to change doctrine. Henry's primary concern was consolidating his political power.

C. English Reformation

After having spent a great deal of time with Native Americans, Roger Williams believed that

C. English colonists should respect the Indians' culture.

Puritans who had passed the tests of conversion and church membership and were therefore thought to be among God's elect.

L. visible saints

A Puritan compromise established in Massachusetts in 1662 that allowed the unconverted children of the "visible saints" to become "halfway" members of the church and baptize their own children even though they were not full members of the church themselves.

D. Halfway Covenant

What was the goal of the Puritans who founded Massachusetts Bay colony?

D. To reform the Church of England

Which factor allowed New England's population to continue to grow steadily during the seventeenth century?

D.The cold weather minimized the spread of life-threatening illnesses.

War in which the Wampanoag Indians attacked colonial settlements in Western Massachusetts in 1675. Colonists responded by attacking the Wampanoag and other tribes they believed conspired with them. The colonists prevailed in the brutal war.

E. King Philip's War

Dutch colony on Manhattan Island. New Amsterdam was its capital and colony headquarters.

F. New Netherland

Doctrine stating that God determined whether individuals were destined for salvation or damnation before their birth. According to the doctrine, nothing an individual did during his or her lifetime could affect that person's fate.

G. predestination

Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted genuine reformation rather than the partial reformation sought by Henry VIII. Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study, prayer, and introspection.

H. Puritans

English civil war that arose out of disputes between King Charles I and Parliament, which was dominated by Puritans. The conflict began in 1642 and ended with the execution of Charles I in 1649, resulting in Puritan rule in England until 1660.

I. Puritan Revolution