topic 8 respiratory system

The oxygen content of air is approximately

21 percent

The concentration of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere is approximately

78 percent

For an animal's surface to function in the integumentary (skin) exchange of gases it must a. be thin.

all of these

Actual exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the

alveoli

Breathing that stops briefly and then resumes spontaneously is called

apnea

Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream

because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood

Carotid bodies and aortic bodies detect

blood pH

Where is the respiratory control center located?

brain

Hemoglobin gives up O2 when

carbon dioxide concentrations are high

Which structure(s) of the respiratory system work with the immune system?

cilia and mucus

Which vertebrate body system is most closely associated functionally with respiration?

circulatory

The muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the

diaphragm muscle

If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, which of the following might you expect?

difficulty inflating the lungs

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged due to the process of

diffusion

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by

diffusion

Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the

epiglottis

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes? a. AMS b. high blood levels of carbon dioxide c. low atmospheric pressure d. erythropoietin

erythropoietin

Which of the following is not part of the respiratory system? a. trachea b. pharynx c. esophagus d. bronchus e. nasal cavity

esophagus

Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following? a. hemoglobin and carbon dioxide b. carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide c. hemoglobin and oxygen d. carbonic anhydrase and oxygen

hemoglobin and oxygen

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

high, low

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.

hyperventilation

A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.

increase in

When the pH of the blood becomes more acidic, the respiratory center

increases the rate and increases the depth of breathing

The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to

intrapleural fluid

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?

it diffuses into the alveoli

The human vocal cords are located in the

larynx

When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the

larynx

Which respiratory structure is used to produce sound?

larynx

Which part of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange?

lungs

Exchange across a membrane requires

moisture and pressure gradients only

Which of the following is NOT found in lung tissue? a. blood capillaries b. alveolar sacs c. interstitial fluid d. connective tissue e.muscle

muscle

What is the proper sequence of air flow in the human respiratory system?

nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

tears drain into the

nasal cavity

The most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere is

nitrogen

What diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood?

oxygen

The respiratory system is responsible for

oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal cavities? a. filter dust out of the incoming air b. detect odors c. warm the air d.oxygenate the blood e. moisturize the air

oxygenate the blood

Which structure is the initial entry way for air to enter the respiratory system?

pharynx

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.

resistance

The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.

respiratory

Which structure(s) provide a huge surface area for diffusion of gasses?

the alveoli

In humans ventilation is powered by

the diaphragm and rib muscles

In order to dislodge food that has accidentally entered the trachea, which procedure is used?

the heimlich maneuver

Which of the following is not a part of inspiration? a. The pressure in the lungs increases. b. The rib cage moves up and out. c. The intercostal muscles pull the ribs outward. d. The diaphragm contracts and moves down. e. Air rushes into the lungs.

the pressure in the lungs increases

During exhalation,

the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs.

During inhalation

the pressure in the thoracic cavity is less than the pressure within the lungs

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?

the ribs and sternum move upward

The amount of air that moves in and out with each breath is called the

tidal volume

The amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs in each normal breath is termed

tidal volume

Mucus-secreting cells and cilia in the bronchi serve what function?

trap and remove bacteria and airborne particles

The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the

vital capacity