topic 8 respiratory system
The oxygen content of air is approximately
21 percent
The concentration of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere is approximately
78 percent
For an animal's surface to function in the integumentary (skin) exchange of gases it must a. be thin.
all of these
Actual exchange of gases in the lungs occurs in the
alveoli
Breathing that stops briefly and then resumes spontaneously is called
apnea
Oxygen moves from alveoli to the bloodstream
because the concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in the blood
Carotid bodies and aortic bodies detect
blood pH
Where is the respiratory control center located?
brain
Hemoglobin gives up O2 when
carbon dioxide concentrations are high
Which structure(s) of the respiratory system work with the immune system?
cilia and mucus
Which vertebrate body system is most closely associated functionally with respiration?
circulatory
The muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the
diaphragm muscle
If a baby is born prematurely before type II cells produce sufficient pulmonary surfactant, which of the following might you expect?
difficulty inflating the lungs
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged due to the process of
diffusion
The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by
diffusion
Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the
epiglottis
Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes? a. AMS b. high blood levels of carbon dioxide c. low atmospheric pressure d. erythropoietin
erythropoietin
Which of the following is not part of the respiratory system? a. trachea b. pharynx c. esophagus d. bronchus e. nasal cavity
esophagus
Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following? a. hemoglobin and carbon dioxide b. carbonic anhydrase and carbon dioxide c. hemoglobin and oxygen d. carbonic anhydrase and oxygen
hemoglobin and oxygen
Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.
high, low
Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.
hyperventilation
A decrease in volume leads to a(n) ________ pressure.
increase in
When the pH of the blood becomes more acidic, the respiratory center
increases the rate and increases the depth of breathing
The lungs move easily within their protective sacs due to
intrapleural fluid
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm Hg in the blood and 40 mm Hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?
it diffuses into the alveoli
The human vocal cords are located in the
larynx
When you swallow, the epiglottis covers the opening to the
larynx
Which respiratory structure is used to produce sound?
larynx
Which part of the respiratory system carries out gas exchange?
lungs
Exchange across a membrane requires
moisture and pressure gradients only
Which of the following is NOT found in lung tissue? a. blood capillaries b. alveolar sacs c. interstitial fluid d. connective tissue e.muscle
muscle
What is the proper sequence of air flow in the human respiratory system?
nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
tears drain into the
nasal cavity
The most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere is
nitrogen
What diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood?
oxygen
The respiratory system is responsible for
oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide leaving the body
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal cavities? a. filter dust out of the incoming air b. detect odors c. warm the air d.oxygenate the blood e. moisturize the air
oxygenate the blood
Which structure is the initial entry way for air to enter the respiratory system?
pharynx
Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.
resistance
The ________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.
respiratory
Which structure(s) provide a huge surface area for diffusion of gasses?
the alveoli
In humans ventilation is powered by
the diaphragm and rib muscles
In order to dislodge food that has accidentally entered the trachea, which procedure is used?
the heimlich maneuver
Which of the following is not a part of inspiration? a. The pressure in the lungs increases. b. The rib cage moves up and out. c. The intercostal muscles pull the ribs outward. d. The diaphragm contracts and moves down. e. Air rushes into the lungs.
the pressure in the lungs increases
During exhalation,
the pressure in the thoracic cavity is greater than the pressure within the lungs.
During inhalation
the pressure in the thoracic cavity is less than the pressure within the lungs
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?
the ribs and sternum move upward
The amount of air that moves in and out with each breath is called the
tidal volume
The amount of air that moves into and out of the human lungs in each normal breath is termed
tidal volume
Mucus-secreting cells and cilia in the bronchi serve what function?
trap and remove bacteria and airborne particles
The maximum amount of air that can be taken into the lungs in a single deep breath is the
vital capacity
