Ch. 43 Assess. Digest.&GastroFx
A client asks the nurse why the physician ordered the blood test carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The nurse answers:
"It indicates if a cancer is present."
Upon hearing that the small intestine lining has thinned, an elderly client asks, "What can this lead to?" What is the best response by the nurse?
"You may frequently experience constipation."
A client presented with gastrointestinal bleeding 2 days ago and continues to have problems. The health care provider has ordered a visualization of the small intestine via a capsule endoscopy. What will the nurse include in the client education about this procedure?
"You will need to swallow a capsule."
A few hours after eating hot and spicy chicken wings, a client presents with lower chest pain. He wonders if he is having a heart attack. How should the nurse proceed first?
Further investigate the initial complaint.
The nurse auscultates the abdomen to assess bowel sounds. She documents five to six sounds heard in less than 30 seconds. How does the nurse document the bowel sounds?
Hyperactive
The nurse is assessing the abdomen of the client with an undiagnosed disorder. In which sequence would the nurse conduct the abdominal assessment? Use all options.
Inspection Auscultation Percussion Palpation
When examining the skin of a client who is dehydrated due to fluid losses from the gastrointestinal tract, which of the following would be most important?
Checking if the mucous membranes are dry
A group of students are studying for an examination on the gastrointestinal (GI) system and are reviewing the structures of the esophagus and stomach. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as the opening between the stomach and duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1225 The pyloric sphincter is the opening between the stomach and duodenum. The cardiac sphincter is the opening between the esophagus and the stomach. The hypopharyngeal sphincter or upper esophageal sphincter prevents food or fluids from re-entering the pharynx. The ileocecal valve is located at the distal end of the small intestine and regulates flow of intestinal contents into the large intestine.
After teaching a group of students about the various organs of the upper gastrointestinal tract and possible disorders, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following structures as possibly being affected?
Stomach
Blood flow to the GI tract is approximately what percentage of the total cardiac output?
20% Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1225 Blood flow to the GI tract is about 20% of the total cardiac output and increases significantly after eating.
When completing a nutritional assessment of a patient who is admitted for a GI disorder, the nurse notes a recent history of dietary intake. This is based on the knowledge that a portion of digested waste products can remain in the rectum for how many days after a meal is digested?
3 days
Which of the following is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of liver disease?
Biopsy
The nurse is to obtain a stool specimen from a client who reported that he is taking iron supplements. The nurse would expect the stool to be which color?
Black
During a colonoscopy with moderate sedation, the patient groans with obvious discomfort and begins bleeding from the rectum. The patient is diaphoretic and has an increase in abdominal girth from distention. What complication of this procedure is the nurse aware may be occurring?
Bowel perforation
A patient is scheduled for a fiberoptic colonoscopy. What does the nurse know that fiberoptic colonoscopy is most frequently used to diagnose?
Cancer
A client comes into the emergency department with reports of abdominal pain. What should the nurse ask first?
Characteristics and duration of pain
A client receives a local anesthetic to suppress the gag reflex for a diagnostic procedure of the upper GI tract. Which nursing intervention is advised for this client?
Do not give any food and fluids until the gag reflex returns.
The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient. During the assessment the patient informs the nurse of some recent "stomach trouble." What does the nurse know is the most common symptom of patients with GI dysfunction?
Dyspepsia
A nurse is preparing a client with Crohn's disease for a barium enema. What should the nurse do the day before the test?
Encourage plenty of fluids.
The nurse is assessing a client who is stating gastrointestinal upset and a feeling of bloating. Which type of meal would the nurse anticipate causing these types of symptoms?
Hamburger and French fries
The nurse is working on a general medical unit. A client is scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal series. Upon returning to the nursing unit, what does the nurse identify as the client goal?
Increase in the amount of fluids Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1235 The client, returning from an upper gastrointestinal series, needs to increase fluids in an effort to eliminate the barium from the body through a bowel movement. General anesthesia is not used. The client typically does not have nausea and vomiting following the procedure. If the client is able to ambulate independently prior to the procedure, the client will be able to ambulate independently following.
The nurse is working on a general medical unit. A client is scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal series. Upon return to the nursing unit, what does the nurse identify as the client goal?
Increase the amount of fluids The client, returning from an upper gastrointestinal series, needs to increase fluids in an effort to eliminate the barium from the body through a bowel movement. General anesthesia is not used. The client typically does not have nausea and vomiting following the procedure. If the client is able to ambulate independently prior to the procedure, the client will be able to ambulate independently following.
Gastrin has which of the following effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility?
Increased motility of the stomach
When examining the abdomen of a client with reports of nausea and vomiting, what would the nurse do first?
Inspection
A nurse is assessing a client who reports abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. When examining the client's abdomen, which sequence should the nurse use?
Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation
A client is diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. The health care provider begins the client on cyanocobalamin (Betalin-12), 100 mcg I.M. daily. Which substance influences vitamin B12 absorption?
Intrinsic factor
The nurse is working with clients with digestive tract disorders. Which of the following organs does the nurse realize has effects as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?
Pancreas
The nurse is assisting the health care provider with a gastric acid stimulation test for a client. What medication should the nurse prepare to administer subcutaneously to stimulate gastric secretions?
Pentagastrin
Which of the following is an enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa?
Pepsin
A client undergoing a diagnostic examination for gastrointestinal disorder was given polyethylene glycol/electrolyte solution as a part of the test preparation. Which of the following measures should the nurse take once the solution is administered?
Permit the client to drink only clear liquids.
An examiner is performing the physical assessment of the rectum, perianal region, and anus. While this examination can be uncomfortable for many clients, health care providers must approach it in a prepared, confident manner. Which of the following considerations will help this examination flow smoothly and efficiently for both provider and client? Select all that apply.
Position the client on the right side with the knees up to the chest. Ask the client to bear down for visual inspection.
Which diagnostic produces images of the body by detecting the radiation emitted from radioactive substances?
Positron emission tomography (PET) Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1236 PET produces images of the body by detecting the radiation emitted from radioactive substances. CT provides cross-sectional images of abdominal organs and structures. MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce an image of the area being studied. Fibroscopy of the upper GI tract allows direct visualization of the esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosa through a lighted endoscope.
The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a percutaneous liver biopsy. Which diagnostic test is obtained prior?
Prothrombin time (PT) The client must have coagulation studies before the procedure such as a PT or PTT because a major complication after a liver biopsy is bleeding. Clients at risk for serious bleeding may receive precautionary vitamin K. A complete blood count and blood chemistry may be completed for baseline values. Typically, an ESR is not associated with the procedure.
A client is scheduled for bowel resection with anastomosis involving the large intestine. Because of the surgical site, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement, the nurse should add which "related-to" phrase?
Related to the presence of bacteria at the surgical site
The nurse determines a client scheduled to undergo an abdominal ultrasonography should receive which instruction?
Restrict eating of solid food for 6 to 8 hours before the test.
The nurse conducts education related to test preparation for a client scheduled to undergo an abdominal ultrasonography. The nurse should give the client which instruction?
Restrict eating of solid food for 8 to 12 hours before the test.
The nurse cares for a client after a gastroscopy for which the client received sedation. The nurse should report which finding to the physician?
Resume regular diet.
The nurse is preparing to examine the abdomen of a client who reports a change in bowel pattern. The nurse would place the client in which position?
Supine with knees flexed
The nurse is collecting a stool specimen from a patient. What characteristic of the stool indicates to the nurse that the patient may have an upper GI bleed?
Tarry and black
Specific disease processes and ingestion of certain foods and medications may change the appearance of the stool. If blood is shed in sufficient quantities into the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it produces which change in the stool appearance?
Tarry-black
Which nursing instruction is correct to provide the client following a barium enema?
The stools may be a white or clay colored.
A client is to have an upper GI procedure with barium ingestion and abdominal ultrasonography. While scheduling these diagnostic tests, the nurse must consider which factor?
The ultrasonography should be scheduled before the GI procedure.
Which neuroregulator increase gastric acid secretion?
acetylcholine
Lisa Bentley, a 32-year-old teacher, presents to the gastroenterology office where you work. She is known to have a history of Crohn's disease, and you have met with her several times to discuss the various health concerns that she has related to her diagnosis. When talking with the client, the nurse explains that having a GI disorder doesn't mean her problems are limited to the one area that is diseased but might also involve all of the following except ________.
metabolism
The nurse inspects a client's tongue. Which finding would the nurse evaluate as an indication of potential oral cancer?
red plaque on undersurface of tongue
Which procedure is performed to examine and visualize the lumen of the small bowel?
small bowel enteroscopy
A nurse is teaching a client with malabsorption syndrome about the disorder and its treatment. The client asks which part of the GI tract absorbs food. What is the nurse's best response?
small intestine
The nurse is reviewing the results of a hemoccult test with the client. Which question asked by the nurse is important in screening for the potential of a false-positive result. Select all that apply.
"Are you prescribed regular strength aspirin daily?" "Can you tell me the amount of alcohol that you drink on an average week?" "When was the last time that you included red meat in your diet?"
A client is scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During the client teaching, what will the nurse discuss?
"Do you experience any claustrophobia?"
A client reports having red stools lately. What will the nurse ask during assessment questioning?
"Have you been eating beets?"
The nurse provides client education to a client about to undergo hydrogen breath testing. The nurse evaluates that the client understands the test when the client makes which statement?
"I should avoid antibiotics for 1 month before the test."
The nurse is caring for a man who has experienced a spinal cord injury. Throughout his recovery, the client expects to gain control of his bowels. The nurse's best response to this client would be which of the following?
"Having a bowel movement is a spinal reflex requiring intact nerve fibers. Yours are not intact."
When preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen, which statement would indicate the need to notify the health care provider?
"I really don't like to be in small, enclosed spaces."
When preparing a client for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen, which statement would indicate the need to notify the physician?
"I really don't like to be in small, enclosed spaces."
A home care nurse is caring for a client with reports of epigastric discomfort who is scheduled for a barium swallow. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the test?
"I'll avoid eating or drinking anything 6 to 8 hours before the test."
The nurse asks a client to point to where pain is felt. The client asks why this is important. What is the nurse's best response?
"Often the area of pain is referred from another area."
The nurse is instructing a client prior to a colonoscopy. The client states, "Why do I have to drink this disgusting liquid?" The nurse is most correct to verbalize the goal of the oral preparation as which of the following?
"To cleanse the bowel to promote clear visualization of structures"
The nurse is caring for a client recovering from an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Which of the following client symptoms would require further nursing assessment?
Abdominal distention
Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine?
Absorption
Which of the following digestive enzymes aids in the digesting of starch?
Amylase
The nurse is preparing the client for an assessment of the abdomen. What should the nurse complete prior to this assessment?
Ask the client to empty the bladder.
While palpating a client's right upper quadrant (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which structure?
Liver
When gastric analysis testing reveals excess secretion of gastric acid, the nurse recognizes which medical diagnoses is supported?
duodenal ulcer
Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder characterized by pulmonary and pancreatic dysfunction, usually appears in young children but can also affect adults. If the pancreas was functioning correctly, where would the bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system?
duodenum
The major carbohydrate that tissue cells use as fuel is
glucose.
The nurse assesses bowel sounds and hears one to two bowel sounds in 2 minutes. How should the nurse document the bowel sounds?
hypoactive
The nurse determines one or two bowel sounds in 2 minutes should be documented as
hypoactive.
When bowel sounds are heard about every 15 seconds, the nurse would record that the bowel sounds are
normal.
The nurse is instructing the client who was newly diagnosed with peptic ulcers. Which of the following diagnostic studies would the nurse anticipate reviewing with the client?
Serum antibodies for H. pylori
It is important for a nurse to have an understanding of the major digestive enzymes and their actions. Choose the gastric mucosa secretion that plays an important role in the digestion of triglycerides.
Steapsin
An older adult client is admitted to an acute care facility for treatment of an acute flare-up of a chronic gastrointestinal condition. In addition to assessing the client for complications of the current illness, the nurse monitors for age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Which age-related change increases the risk of anemia?
Atrophy of the gastric mucosa
The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient. During the assessment the patient informs the nurse of some recent "stomach trouble." What does the nurse know is the most common symptom of patients with GI dysfunction?
Dyspepsia Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1229 Dyspepsia, upper abdominal discomfort associated with eating (commonly called indigestion), is the most common symptom of patients with GI dysfunction. Indigestion is an imprecise term that refers to a host of upper abdominal or epigastric symptoms such as pain, discomfort, fullness, bloating, early satiety, belching, heartburn, or regurgitation; it occurs in approximately 25% of the adult population (Harmon & Peura, 2010).
The nurse is caring for a geriatric client experiencing diarrhea. When teaching about the site in the body where water and electrolytes are absorbed, the nurse is most correct to instruct on which location?
The large intestine
Which of the following is an age-related change in the esophagus?
Weakened gag reflex
The nurses assesses the client for blood in the stool due to an upper GI condition. The nurse understands that if there is blood in the stool, the stool will be which color?
tarry black
The client describes a test previously completed to detect a small bowel obstruction prior to admission to the hospital. The client states that the test involved insertion of a tube through the nose and lasted over 6 hours. The nurse determines which test name should be documented?
upper GI enteroclysis
The nurse recognizes which change of the GI system is an age-related change?
weakened gag reflex
The nurse recognizes which change of the gastrointestinal system is an age-related change?
weakened gag reflex
The nurse is providing community education at the mall. The nurse is instructing on the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. The nurse outlines this structure on a drawing and labels it with which of the following?
Esophagus
The nurse teaches a client scheduled for a colonoscopy. Which instruction should be included as part of the preparation for the procedure?
Follow the dietary and fluid restrictions and bowel preparation procedures.
Which of the following is a function of the stomach? Select all that apply.
Food storage Secretion of digestive fluids Propels partially digested food into small intestine
The nurse is performing a focused abdominal assessment of a client with a history of bowel obstruction. The nurse has positioned the client appropriately and inspected the client's abdomen carefully. What action should the nurse perform next?
Auscultate the client's abdomen Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1232 Abdominal auscultation is done before palpation because palpation disrupts normal bowel sounds. Percussion would have a similar disruptive effect.
When assisting with preparing a client scheduled for a barium swallow, which of the following would be appropriate to include?
Avoid smoking for at least 12 to 24 hours before the procedure.
When assisting with preparing a client scheduled for a barium swallow, what nursing instruction would be appropriate to include?
Avoid smoking for at least a day before the procedure. Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1235 The nurse should instruct the client to avoid smoking for at least a day before the procedure of barium swallow because smoking stimulates gastric motility. The client is advised to take vitamin K before a liver biopsy and instructed to take three cleansing enemas before a barium enema. Instruction to avoid red meat would be appropriate for a client who is having a Hemoccult test.
A nurse is assessing a client for GI dysfunction. What is the most common symptom in a client with GI dysfunction?
Dyspepsia Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1229 Dyspepsia is a condition that usually involves a combination of symptoms: abdominal pain, bloating, distention, nausea, and belching. Dyspepsia refers to altered digestion that is not associated with a pathologic condition.
The nurse is investigating a client's report of pain in the duodenal area. Where should the nurse perform the assessment?
Epigastric area and consider possible radiation of pain to the right subscapular region Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1231 Indigestion is an imprecise term that refers to a host of upper abdominal or epigastric symptoms such as pain, discomfort, fullness, bloating, early satiety, belching, heartburn, or regurgitation; it occurs in approximately 25% of the adult population (Harmon & Peura, 2010).
The nurse is working in a diagnostic testing unit focusing on gastrointestinal studies. For which testing procedure is the nurse correct to assess the gag reflex before offering fluids?
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
A focused GI assessment begins with a complete history and physical examination. Identify the quadrant of the abdomen to be palpated or percussed for a patient with pancreatitis.
Left upper Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1231 The pancreas, which is about 6 inches long, is located behind the stomach in the upper left side of the body.
After 20 seconds of auscultating for bowel sounds on a client recovering from abdominal surgery, the nurse hears nothing. What should the nurse do based on the assessment findings?
Listen longer for the sounds.
A client with a recent history of rectal bleeding is being prepared for a colonoscopy. Initially, how should the nurse position the client for this test?
Lying on the left side with knees bent
What would the nurse recognize as preventing a client from being able to take a fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?
The client has hemorrhoidal bleeding
Which response is a parasympathetic response in the GI tract?
increased peristalsis Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1226 Increased peristalsis is a parasympathetic response in the GI tract. Decreased gastric secretion, blood vessel constriction, and decreased motility are sympathetic responses in the GI tract.
The nurse performs an abdominal assessment. The nurse should perform the assessment in which order?
inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
What is the recommended order for performing an abdominal examination?
inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
When evaluating the function of the GI tract, the nurse needs to understand the role of hormones. Secretin, stimulated by the pH of chyme in the duodenum, is a major GI hormone that does which of the following?
Stimulates the production of bicarbonate in pancreatic juice
An enzyme that begins the digestion of starches is
ptyalin.
What part of the GI tract begins the digestion of food?
Mouth
The nurse determines which is a true statement regarding older clients, considering the age-related effects on their GI system?
They tend usually to have less control of the rectal sphincter.
The nurse cares for a client after an endoscopic examination and prepares the client for discharge. The nurse includes which instruction?
Resume regular diet.
The nurse determines which is a true statement regarding older clients, considering the age-related effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) system?
They usually have less control of the rectal sphincter.
A client tells the nurse that the stool was colored yellow. The nurse assesses the client for
recent foods ingested.
A client is scheduled for several diagnostic tests to evaluate gastrointestinal function. After teaching the client about these tests, the nurse determines that the client has understood the teaching when the client identifies which test as not requiring the use of a contrast medium?
Colonoscopy
A nurse is aware that both the sympathetic and parasympathetic portions of the autonomic nervous system affect GI motility. What are the actions of the sympathetic nervous system? Select all that apply.
Decreases gastric motility Causes blood vessel constriction Creates an inhibitory effect on the GI tract
Swallowing is regulated by which area of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Medulla oblongata Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1226 Swallowing begins as a voluntary act that is regulated by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata of the CNS. The act of swallowing requires the innervations of five cranial nerves (CNs), especially CN V, VII, IX, X, and XII. Swallowing is not regulated by the pons, cerebellum, or hypothalamus.
A nurse is giving a client barium swallow test. What is the most important assessment a nurse would make to ensure that a client does not retain any barium after a barium swallow?
Monitoring the stool passage and its color.
Which term describes a gastric secretion that combines with vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed?
intrinsic factor
While preparing a client for an upper GI endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy), the nurse should implement which interventions? Choose all that apply.
Tell the client he shouldn't eat or drink for 6 to 12 hours before the procedure. Inform the client that he will receive a sedative before the procedure.
The nurse is providing instructions to a client scheduled for a gastroscopy. What should the nurse be sure to include in the instructions? Select all that apply.
The client must fast for 8 hours before the examination. The throat will be sprayed with a local anesthetic. After gastroscopy, the client cannot eat or drink until the gag reflex returns (1 to 2 hours).
A client receives a local anesthetic to suppress the gag reflex for a diagnostic procedure of the upper GI tract. Which nursing intervention is advised for this patient?
The client should not be given any food and fluids until the gag reflex returns.
When describing the role of the pancreas to a client with a pancreatic dysfunction, the nurse would identify which substance as being acted on by pancreatic lipase?
Triglycerides Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1226 Pancreatic lipase acts on lipids, especially triglycerides. Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase act on starch. Pepsin and hydrochloric acid in the stomach and trypsin from the pancreas act on proteins. Insulin acts on glucose.
A client with diabetes begins to have digestive problems and is told by the physician that they are a complication of the diabetes. Which of the following explanations from the nurse is most accurate?
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes. Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1227 While the pancreas has the well-known function of secreting insulin, it also secretes digestive enzymes. These enzymes include trypsin, amylase, and lipase. If the secretion of these enzymes are affected by a diseased pancreas as found with diabetes, the digestive functioning may be impaired.
The nurse is assisting the health care provider with a colonoscopy for a client with rectal bleeding. The health care provider requests the nurse to administer glucagon during the procedure. Why is the nurse administering this medication during the procedure?
To relax colonic musculature and reduce spasm.
The nurse prepares to administer the lavage solution to a client having a colonoscopy completed. The nurse stops and notifies the physician when noting that the client has which condition?
inflammatory bowel disease
Lisa Bentley, a 32-year-old teacher, presents to the gastroenterology office where you work. She is known to have a history of Crohn's disease, and you have met with her several times to discuss the various health concerns that she has related to her diagnosis. When talking with the client, the nurse explains that having a GI disorder doesn't mean her problems are limited to the one area that is diseased but might also involve all of the following except ________.
metabolism The client with a GI disorder may experience a wide variety of health problems that involve disturbances of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. The client with a GI disorder may experience health problems that involve disturbances of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
The nurse is scheduling gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic testing for a client. Which GI test should be scheduled first?
Radiography of the gallbladder Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1234 Radiography of the gallbladder should be performed before other GI exams in which barium is used because residual barium tends to obscure the images of the gallbladder and its duct.
Following ingestion of carrots or beets, the nurse would expect which alteration in stool color?
Red
While completing an abdominal assessment, the nurse will use which landmark as the upper boundary for auscultating bowel sounds?
Xiphoid process
The nurse prepares a client for a barium enema. The nurse should place the client on which diet prior to the procedure?
clear liquids day before
A client is scheduled to have an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Which structures are visualized during this procedure?
common bile duct, pancreatic duct, and biliary tree Chapter 43: Assessment of Digestive and Gastrointestinal Function - Page 1237 With the use of endoscopy, dye is injected through a catheter into the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct, permitting visualization and evaluation of the biliary tree. The common bile duct, the pancreatic duct, and the biliary tree are visualized.
A client receives a local anesthetic to suppress the gag reflex for a diagnostic procedure of the upper GI tract. The nurse determines which nursing intervention is advised for this client?
do not give any food and fluids until the gag reflex returns
The nurse recognizes that blood shed in sufficient quantities into the upper GI tract produces which color of stool?
tarry black
The nurse is teaching the client about the upcoming endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Although the nurse instructs on several pertinent points of care, which is emphasized?
The client will change positions frequently throughout the procedure.
A nurse is doing a physical assessment on a client with a GI disorder. Which position will the nurse most likely ask the client to assume when performing an abdominal examination?
supine with knees flexed slightly
Which enzyme aids in the digestion of protein?
trypsin
