Ch 4,5,7,8 practice test
Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export?
Golgi apparatus
Which items in the following pairs are correctly matched?
S phase - DNA replication
As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through
a hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads, then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails, and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.
The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to __________.
a person descending a flight of stairs one step at a time
The product of the preparatory reaction is __________.
acetyl-CoA
The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
active site.
Mitochondria are found in
both plant cells and animal cells.
Without gap junctions in certain tissues,
cells would not be able to communicate with each other.
When glucose is broken down to CO2 and H2O, ________ energy is released and converted into ________.
chemical; ATP
Surface-to-volume ratio is an important characteristic for cell function; some cells increase their ratio by
developing finger-like projections.
Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane?
diffusion
When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible under a microscope?
during mitosis
Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in
facilitated diffusion.
Multicellular organisms undergo mitotic cell division to
increase the size of the organism.
The figure below shows a cell in which stage of the cell cycle?
interphase
Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a(n)
light microscope.
A tadpole that is undergoing metamorphosis into a frog and no longer requires a tail. Which organelle would help assist in the tail loss?
lysosomes
Which of the following is a correct match of a molecule and the location where it is principally used?
mRNA - nucleus and cytoplasm
the mitotic spindle is composed of ________, which originate from the __________.
microtubules; centrosome
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP.
Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.
surface-area-to-volume ratio
Which of the following occurs prior to prophase?
synthesis of DNA
What would occur in a cell if the production of cyclins halted during the cell cycle?
the cell would remain in the G2 phase and would not enter into mitosis
Cancer occurs when
the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs.
Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?
the skier traveling downhill
Two ATP are invested in glycolysis in order to __________.
break glucose into two molecules
As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, the energy released is used immediately to _______
concentrate H+ in the intermembrane space
Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ________ during fermentation.
CO2 gas
What cellular process uses oxygen to produce ATP from glucose and other organic molecules?
Cellular respiration
Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
Susan suffered from a heart attack. When the doctors tested her heart muscle, they found that she had an increased ratio of lactic acid to pyruvate in her heart. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the skewed ratio?
The heart cells had not received enough oxygen
The final acceptor for electrons in aerobic cellular respiration is __________.
oxygen
Which of the types of cellular activities listed below can proceed without ATP energy?
passive transport
Identify the organelle - function pairing that is mismatched.
plasma membrane - outermost barrier of a plant cell
Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which of the following is the correct sequence through the endomembrane system for material that is destined to be secreted from the cell?
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane
cellular respiration uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules into _____
ATP
How many ATP are produced from the 10 NADH that enter the electron transport chain?
30
n the energy payoff phase of glycolysis, both ATP and NADH are formed. What purpose do each of these molecules serve in the cell?
ATP acts as a power source for performing cellular work, while NADH serves as an electron carrier to allow for greater ATP production.
Your friend has been on a diet and loses 15 pounds of fat. After studying cellular respiration, you explain to her that the fat was converted to __________.
ATP, carbon dioxide, and water
Which process is used to make bread rise?
Alcohol fermentation
Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?
feedback inhibition
If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n) _________________environment.
isotonic.
The energy source that drives the production of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation is the __________.
the diffusion of hydrogen protons down their electrochemical gradient
the term metastasis refers to the fact that cancer cells tend to
spread
Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy __________.
stored in food to energy stored in ATP
If three molecules of glucose went through glycolysis and eventually into the citric acid cycle, how many times did the preparatory reaction occur?
Six
What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract
ATP
the production of ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is accomplished by __________.
substrate-level ATP synthesis
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Glycolysis → preparatory reaction → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
