ch 5-6
Archaeologists estimate that, at its height, the population of Teotihuacan reached:
100,000
The Mesolithic was known in the Americas as the:
Archaic
Microliths could only be made from flint.
False
The ultimate source of all culture change is diffusion.
False
Even though farming results in an abundant amount of food, crops are unstable and more susceptible to some diseases, viruses, bacteria, or fungi that could wipe out entire fields because of their genetic uniformity.
True
The Maya calendar was used to address agricultural concerns.
True
Changes in farming methods at the time of early civilizations were classified as_______________.
agricultural innovation
The hunter-gatherer birth spacing interval is primarily the result of:
breastfeeding and child-rearing techniques
Ani was once an important city because it was situated at the divide between Islam in the east and south and __________ in the west.
christianity
Bronze is an alloy made from tin and __________.
copper
The Silk Roads extended from Eurasia to central __________.
europe
Aleppo, Syria, is marked as a UNESCO Heritage Site because it has the earliest known agricultural fields.
false
Domestication increases production and decreases instability.
false
In the first few years of the Tikal Project, archaeologists investigated only small dwellings and house structures.
false
Not every domesticated plant is genetically different from its wild counterpart.
false
Urban interdependence creates a basis for stability.
false
Çatalhöyük was an early city in China.
false
Material items found in burials are called ________________.
grave goods
In cities such as Mohenjo-Daro and Teotihuacan, the downtown urban area was laid out in the form of a __________.
grid
For the most part, Neolithic crops were selected for:
higher productivity and storability rather than nutritional value
The state theory of development which argues that civilization emerged as a result of the construction of elaborate irrigation systems is the ________ theory.
hydraulic
Ethnographic data show that the switch from food gathering to food production led to a(n) (increase/decrease) _______________ in work hours.
increase
Lists of artisans and tradespeople paid from crop surpluses are stored in the temple's granaries in the old Babylonian city of__________.
lagash
Archaeologists found that ancient Tikal extended far beyond the original area surveyed after four years of __________.
mapping
Jericho was surrounded by:
massive walls
The human management of flocks shielded sheep from the effects of:
natural selection
Nutritional problems during the years of decline at Tikal were evident in anthropologists' studies of __________ material.
skeletal
The emergence of social classes is called _________________________.
social stratification
Which of the following was one of the earliest domesticates in the Americas?
squash
Ani was once a privileged city in the Mongol Empire.
true
Farming populations tend to have higher rates of fertility compared to food foragers.
true
In plant-human interactions, domestication ensures the plants' reproductive success.
true
Tikal was probably located on a major overland trade route.
true
What is the primary problem with the hydraulic theory?
It does not explain every cultural case.
Fire as a mutagenic agent does all of the following except:
It drives away all animals for long periods of time.
What was most significant about the oasis theory?
It was a scientifically testable explanation for the origins of food production.
Which of the following is not an accurate statement?
The switch from food foraging to food production allowed people to work less in subsistence pursuits.
Why is intensive agriculture considered to be a less stable means of subsistence than foraging?
There is less species diversity in crops.
How did the Maya maximize land available for subsistence?
They used artificially raised fields in flooded areas.
When did the Neolithic transition begin?
around 10,000 years ago
The world's first civilization in Mesopotamia developed:
between 4,500 and 6,000 years ago
Agriculture commonly involves use of all of the following except:
digging sticks
Which of the following diseases has not historically been transmitted by cattle?
influenza
The value of archaeological recovery and analysis in areas such as the Middle East contributes all of the following except:
it helps modern-day peoples decide which site is more important
What crop tool did the Natufians use prior to the beginnings of domestication?
sickle
What kind of data was collected from the study of nonmonumental structures at Tikal?
site size and population
What is the clearest indicator of difference between a wild and domesticated plant?
size of edible parts
Why did Teotihuacan include residents with foreign affiliation?
to expand the trade network
The Maya developed each of the following modifications to address food production needs except:
underground pits dug so that farming could occur during the dry season by taking advantage of damp soils
Root crop farming is also known as:
vegeculture