ch 5-6

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Archaeologists estimate that, at its height, the population of Teotihuacan reached:

100,000

The Mesolithic was known in the Americas as the:​

Archaic

Microliths could only be made from flint.​

False

The ultimate source of all culture change is diffusion.​

False

Even though farming results in an abundant amount of food, crops are unstable and more susceptible to some diseases, viruses, bacteria, or fungi that could wipe out entire fields because of their genetic uniformity.​

True

The Maya calendar was used to address agricultural concerns.

True

Changes in farming methods at the time of early civilizations were classified as_______________.​

agricultural innovation

The hunter-gatherer birth spacing interval is primarily the result of:​

breastfeeding and child-rearing techniques

Ani was once an important city because it was situated at the divide between Islam in the east and south and __________ in the west.​

christianity

Bronze is an alloy made from tin and __________.​

copper

​The Silk Roads extended from Eurasia to central __________.

europe

Aleppo, Syria, is marked as a UNESCO Heritage Site because it has the earliest known agricultural fields.​

false

Domestication increases production and decreases instability.​

false

In the first few years of the Tikal Project, archaeologists investigated only small dwellings and house structures.

false

Not every domesticated plant is genetically different from its wild counterpart.​

false

Urban interdependence creates a basis for stability.

false

Çatalhöyük was an early city in China.​

false

Material items found in burials are called ________________.​

grave goods

In cities such as Mohenjo-Daro and Teotihuacan, the downtown urban area was laid out in the form of a __________.​

grid

For the most part, Neolithic crops were selected for:​

higher productivity and storability rather than nutritional value

​The state theory of development which argues that civilization emerged as a result of the construction of elaborate irrigation systems is the ________ theory.

hydraulic

Ethnographic data show that the switch from food gathering to food production led to a(n) (increase/decrease) _______________ in work hours.​

increase

Lists of artisans and tradespeople paid from crop surpluses are stored in the temple's granaries in the old Babylonian city of__________.​

lagash

Archaeologists found that ancient Tikal extended far beyond the original area surveyed after four years of __________.​

mapping

Jericho was surrounded by:​

massive walls

The human management of flocks shielded sheep from the effects of:​

natural selection

Nutritional problems during the years of decline at Tikal were evident in anthropologists' studies of __________ material.​

skeletal

The emergence of social classes is called _________________________.​

social stratification

Which of the following was one of the earliest domesticates in the Americas?​

squash

Ani was once a privileged city in the Mongol Empire.​

true

Farming populations tend to have higher rates of fertility compared to food foragers.​

true

In plant-human interactions, domestication ensures the plants' reproductive success.​

true

Tikal was probably located on a major overland trade route.​

true

What is the primary problem with the hydraulic theory?

​It does not explain every cultural case.

Fire as a mutagenic agent does all of the following except:​

​It drives away all animals for long periods of time.

What was most significant about the oasis theory?​

​It was a scientifically testable explanation for the origins of food production.

Which of the following is not an accurate statement?​

​The switch from food foraging to food production allowed people to work less in subsistence pursuits.

Why is intensive agriculture considered to be a less stable means of subsistence than foraging?​

​There is less species diversity in crops.

How did the Maya maximize land available for subsistence?​

​They used artificially raised fields in flooded areas.

When did the Neolithic transition begin?​

​around 10,000 years ago

The world's first civilization in Mesopotamia developed:

​between 4,500 and 6,000 years ago

Agriculture commonly involves use of all of the following except:​

​digging sticks

Which of the following diseases has not historically been transmitted by cattle?​

​influenza

The value of archaeological recovery and analysis in areas such as the Middle East contributes all of the following except:​

​it helps modern-day peoples decide which site is more important

What crop tool did the Natufians use prior to the beginnings of domestication?​

​sickle

What kind of data was collected from the study of nonmonumental structures at Tikal?​

​site size and population

What is the clearest indicator of difference between a wild and domesticated plant?​

​size of edible parts

Why did Teotihuacan include residents with foreign affiliation?​

​to expand the trade network

The Maya developed each of the following modifications to address food production needs except:​

​underground pits dug so that farming could occur during the dry season by taking advantage of damp soils

Root crop farming is also known as:​

​vegeculture


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