Ch. 5: Population Geography

In general, immigrant groups _____ A. represent the demographics of the country from which they came B. are more than 85% male C. closely match the demographics of their new country D. are dominated by young, single people

are dominated by young, single people

If a country has a population of 200 million and an infant mortality rate of 20 per 1000, how many deaths of infants ages 1 year or less occur in the country each year? A. 4 thousand B. 4 million C. 20 million D. 2 thousand E. 40 million F. 2 million

deaths ages 1 year or less/1000 live births= 4 million

Global fertility and birth rates have been _____, leading to the belief that world population numbers will peak earlier than expected.

declining

When a population pyramid is narrow at the base, it indicates a _____ population.

declining

The ____ ____ model traces the changing levels of human fertility and mortality through time as societies become more industrialized.

demographic transition

All demography forecasts predict that all future growth in world population will take place in ____ countries

developing

The amount of time it takes for a population to double if the current growth rate remains constant is the ____ _____

doubling time

This map of Sub-Saharan Africa shows regions where population exceeds the carrying capacity of the land, potentially leading to reduced ___ A. food security B. migration C. mortality rates D. agricultural density

food security

When the population is equivalent to the carrying capacity of the occupied area, it is said to have reached a _____ plateau.

homeostatic

Estimates of future population size, age, and sex composition are called ______ A. population forecasts B. population projections C. population estimates D. population predictions

population projections

Population doubling time can be roughly determined by dividing 70 by the ____ A. crude birth rate B. dependency ratio C. crude death rate D. rate of population increase

rate of population increase

_____ is the view that population growth is sustained by agricultural and technological innovations that increase the carrying capacity of the land. A. Malthusianism B. Cornucopianism C. Pronatalism D. Neo-Malthusianism E. Darwinism

Cornucopianism

An exception to the recent trend of improvements in life expectancy is the spread of ______, particularly in developing countries.

HIV/AIDS

______ density is the total population divided by the area of arable land.

Physiological

The concept of overpopulation is related to the _____ _____ of the land.

carrying capacity

The ____ is the part of the Earth's surface that is permanently inhabited by human populations.

ecumene

True or False: Today more people live in cities than in rural areas.

True

When considering all of human history, why did death rates fluctuate during the first stage of the demographic transition model? A. Early human history was marked by expansion of people into new territories B. As people lived longer, large cohorts of older people were created, and these people would die around the same time. C. The Agricultural Revolution led to the emergence of complex societies and population growth. D. Preindustrial societies were susceptible to epidemics and the efforts of poor harvests.

Preindustrial societies were susceptible to epidemics and the efforts of poor harvests.

A population can continue to grow after fertility levels fall below the replacement level. This is due to population _____, the result of past high fertility rates.

momentum

Why, even in developed countries, is a total fertility rate of 2.0 not considered sufficient to replace present population? A. Not all women want to bear children B. A higher proportion of boys are born than girls C. The population is too big to replace with just two births per woman D. Some women die before they complete their childbearing years

1. A higher proportion of boys are born than girls 2. Some women die before they complete their childbearing years

Which two types of environment typically host the greatest population densities? A. lowlands B. highlands C. continental inferiors D. deserts E. coastal areas

1. lowlands 2. coastal areas

Which of the following are included in the demographic equation? A. population pyramids B. birth rates C. fertility rates D. death rates E. medical technologies F. migration

1. migration 2. birth rates 3. death rates

The second stage of the demographic transition model is marked by ____ A. rapid population growth B. fluctuating population growth C. rising mortality rates D. rising birth rates E. falling birth rates F. higher life expectancies

1. rapid population growth 2. falling birth rates 3. higher life expectancies

If the crude death rate of a country is 32 per 1000 and the crude birth rate is 50 per 1000, what is the rate of natural increase? A. -1.8% B. 0.8% C. 1.8% D. 18%

1.8%

What would be the crude birth rate for a country with a population of 80 million and 2 million births per year? A. 25 B. 2.5 C. 40 D. 0.04 E. 0.025

25

Why don't birth rates fall as soon as death rates during the second stage of the demographic transition model? A. Diseases, such as cholera, that decimate population create a need for more children B. Improvements in child health care allow for larger families C. The population is dominated by young people who have higher fertility rates D. Cultural beliefs in the benefits of large families do not change rapidly.

Cultural beliefs in the benefits of large families do not change rapidly.

_____ can help relieve the pressure of rapid population growth, as it did for Europe between 1846 and 1935.

Emigration

True or False: The country with the highest percentage of its population aged 65 or older is China.

False, Japan

____ is the concept that population control programs, in particular those that reduce birth rates, are necessary to ensure adequate environmental resources for current and future populations. A. Equilibrumism B. Cornucopianism C. Malthusianism D. Neo-Malthusianism E. Pronatalism

Neo-Malthusianism

Which of these is not considered a population pressure? A. Food supply B. Water supply C. Physical space available D. Ability to absorb waste products E. Energy supply

Physical space available

Why are some people concerned about population growth? A. Population could expand beyond the natural resource base of the Earth B. The cost of services for larger populations could bankrupt governments C. Large populations always give rise to increases in mortality rates D. It is possible to run out of space for people to live in if the world population increases too much E. Higher population density can lead to spread of diseases

Population could expand beyond the natural resource base of the Earth

_____ _____ is the relationship between the number of inhabitants and the area they occupy.

Population density

____ is the study of size, composition, and spatial distribution of the human population. A. Spatial dynamics B. Population geography C. Demography D. Human ecology

Population geography

Which part of the world is most populous? A. Sub-Saharan Africa B. Europe C. South Asia D. East Asia

South Asia

Why is the crude birth rate considered less refined than the total fertility rate? A. The total fertility rate takes into account stillborn births B. The crude birth rate doesn't take into account the size of the population D. The crude birth rate is only an estimate E. The total fertility rate comes from hospital records F. The crude birth rate includes members of the population who can't give birth

The crude birth rate includes members of the population who can't give birth

The demographic transition model was originally devised to describe the experience of ____ A. the British Empire B. the entire global population C. pre-Industrial Revolution populations D. North American countries E. Western European countries

Western European countries

A population pyramid is _____ A. a graph showing a population's age and sex composition B. a concept describing how there are generally more young people in a population than there are older people C. a theory from the early 1800s describing how the population can be divided by economic and social status into a triangular distribution D. a statistic used along with the fertility rate and death rate to calculate life expectancy

a graph showing a population's age and sex composition

A _____ is a population group distinguished by a specified common characteristic (e.g. those people born between 1985 and 1990).

cohort

The ____ ____ ____ is the annual number of deaths per 1000 people for a given population.

crude death rate (CDR) also called mortality rate

Birth rates of less than 18 per 1000 are characteristic of ____ A. newly industrializing countries B. developing countries C. industrialized, urbanized countries

industrialized, urbanized countries

Stage 4 of the demographic transition model is characterized by _____. Stage 5 is characterized by ____ A. population decline; rapid population growth B. moderate population growth; low to zero population growth C. low population growth; zero population growth D. low to zero population growth; population decline

low to zero population growth; population decline

Death rates for less developed countries as a group are currently _____ than those for more developed countries.

lower

In Western Europe, the transition from stage 1 to stage 2 of the demographic transition model followed the _____ ______, when societies transitioned from rural to urban.

Industrial Revolution

Demographers have noted a growing demographic divide between countries with low _____ rates and those with higher rates

birth

On a worldwide basis, populations only grow when the number of ____ in a given period exceeds the number of ____

births;deaths

The primary tool for collecting data on population is a national ____

census

The ___ is the number of children a generation of females must produce to ensure the same number of women survive in that generation to have offspring themselves. A. population sustainability level B. crude birth rate C. rule of twos D. female survival rate E. replacement level fertility

replacement level fertility

In which parts of the world has the total fertility rate dropped below the absolute minimum level for population replacement? A. South Asia B. Sub-Saharan African C. Latin America D. Developed countries E. East Asia

1. Developed countries 2. East Asia

Which of these factors strongly influence the crude birth rate of the country? A. The size of the population B. Government population policies C. The number of males versus females in the population D. The age structure of the population E. The mortality rate of the population F. Family size expectations of a culture

1. Government population policies 2. The number of males versus females in the population 3. The age structure of the population 4. Family size expectations of a culture

Which of these statements about population projections are true? A. Population projections are accurate predictions of future population numbers. B. Population projections exclude the impact of migration rates on population growth or decline. C. Population projections are based upon incomplete data D. Population projections assume that current conditions will apply in the future E. Demographers commonly present more than one population projection for an area, each based on different conditions

1. Population projections are based upon incomplete data 2. Population projections assume that current conditions will apply in the future 3. Demographers commonly present more than one population projection for an area, each based on different conditions

The rate of natural increase may not accurately reflect population growth or decline because it doesn't take into account _____ A. emigration B. crude birth rates C. crude death rates D. immigration E. changes in life expectancy

1. emigration 2. immigration 3. changes in life expectancy

The first stage of the demographic transition model is marked by ___ A. high birth rates and high, but fluctuating death rates B. strongly fluctuating birth and death rates C. low birth rates and high death rates D. slow population growth E. high birth rates and declining death rates F. rapid population growth

1. high birth rates and high, but fluctuating death rates 2. slow population growth

The average age of the population of a destination country for immigrants will decrease because ____ A. immigrants tend to be younger B. health care is generally better in the destination country C. birth rates increase with the influx of immigrants D. immigrants tend to bring their children with them

1. immigrants tend to be younger 2. birth rates increase with the influx of immigrants

In 2006, the United Nations projected that the world population would be about ______ by the year 2050. A. 15.8 billion B. 50.4 billion C. 7.5 billion D. 9.3 billion E. 25.2 billion

9.3 billion

_____ _____ warned in 1798 that human population growth, if unchecked, would outstrip the potential for increasing food supplies to meet human subsistence needs.

Thomas Malthus