Ch. 5 - Storage

C. RAID 5

A computer that is being used by the HR department needs to ensure that all of the data on that computer is protected from a single hard disk failure. The data needs to be read as quickly as possible, and the HR department would like to maximize drive use as much as possible. This computer can use up to three hard drives. Which of the following RAID types would meet these requirements and provide the BEST data protection? A. RAID 0 B. RAID 1 C. RAID 5 D. RAID 10

Just a Bunch of Disks (JBOD)

A configuration that places multiple disks in a single logical storage unit.

Directory/folder

A container in a volume that holds files or other directories. In Windows, this is also known as a folder.

Compact disc (CD)

A digital optical disc data storage format with a data capacity of 700 MB.

Optical drive

A disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

RAID

A disk sub-system that combines multiple physical disks into a single logical storage unit.

Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT)

A file system designed to support large flash drives such as USB flash drives and SD cards.

Cross-linked file

A file that claims the same cluster as another file.

Lost cluster

A file that has been deleted from the directory listing, but the file allocation table (FAT) still shows the clusters allocated to the file.

Solid-state drive (SSD)

A flash device with a large storage capacity comparable to a hard disk.

SD card

A flash memory device is often used in digital cameras.

Optical media

A flat, circular disc used to store large amounts of data.

Partition

A logical division of a storage device. Before a drive can be partitioned, it must first be initialized.

Hard disk

A long-term storage device that uses a thick magnetic disk made of several aluminum platters in a protective shell.

File system

A means for naming, organizing, and storing data on a storage device

Mean time before failure (MTBF)

A measurement of a hardware component's reliability, typically stated in hours or thousands of hours.

Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe)

A memory storage device designed to allow access to non-volatile storage media through a PCI express (PCIe) bus.

Blu-ray disc (BD)

A newer digital optical disc storage format that is capable of greater storage capacity than DVDs.

M.2

A popular solid-state drive often used in portable computing devices.

Bad sector

A portion of the hard disk that cannot be used.

Defragmentation

A process that reduces file fragments by grouping together file pieces on a hard drive.

C. Micro SD card

A sales person requires that a large number of document, data, presentation, image, and video files be accessible on their personal mobile device when making sales pitches to new customers. A cloud solution is not feasible since cellular and internet connections are not always guaranteed at a customer site. Which of the following accessories would a technician suggest to BEST meet the sales person's requirements? A. Wireless hotspot B. Docking station C. Micro SD card D. Credit card reader

Volume

A single accessible storage area within a file system.

UEFI

A software program specification that connects firmware to the operating system. UEFI is eventually expected to replace BIOS.

Optical disc

A storage device that records binary information through pits in a reflectively-coated disc. Optical discs use lasers for reading and writing information.

Disk cluster

A unit of disk space allocation for files and directories.

Spanned volume

A volume with unallocated disk space on a different disk.

Extended volume

A volume with unallocated disk space on the same disk.

A. fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0

After installing a new SSD drive on your Windows 11 system, you determine that the TRIM functionality has not been automatically enabled on the drive by the Windows operating system. You need to manually turn on TRIM from a Command Prompt. The drive's volume has been assigned a drive letter of E:. Which of the following commands MUST you use to enable this feature? A. fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 B. chkdsk E: /R C. bootrec /rebuildbcd D. fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify 0 E: E. fsutil behavior set DisableDeleteNotify

TRIM

An SSD function that configures the operating system to communicate with an SSD device and tell it the blocks of data on the device that are no longer required and can be deleted.

Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)

An electronic interface that allows communication between a motherboard's data paths or bus and a computer's hard disks.

Mount point

An empty folder on an existing volume that points to another partition. Data saved to the folder is physically saved on the referenced partition.

External SATA (eSATA)

An extension to the SATA standard that enables SATA drives to attach externally.

Digital versatile disc (DVD)

An optical media standard that can be used to store large amounts of different types of data, such as computer data, video, and audio. Most DVD drives can read and write. Depending on the type of DVD, storage is typically somewhere between 4.7 and 9.39 GB.

B. Wait a few seconds and try accessing the DVD again.

Annette has purchased a new external DVD drive to use with her PC. She inserts a DVD into the drive and, after several seconds, she receives an error message indicating that the drive is not accessible. What is the FIRST thing Annette should do to try to resolve the issue? A. Unplug the drive from the PC and then plug the drive back in again. B. Wait a few seconds and try accessing the DVD again. C. Check Device Manager to make sure that the DVD drive is listed. D. Eject the DVD from the drive and then re-insert the DVD.

A. An SSD for the operating system and an HDD for storing multimedia files

As the director of procurement for your company's Sales department, you are working with the IT manager and CIO to determine the technical requirements for purchasing new laptops for your sales representatives. The sales representatives often store a significant number of multimedia files (such as videos) on their laptops, which they use for customer education and demonstration purposes. They also want to boot their Windows operating system quickly. What would be the BEST price-performance purchasing decision when it comes to providing storage media for the new laptops for the sales representatives (based on their requests)? A. An SSD for the operating system and an HDD for storing multimedia files. B. An HDD for both the operating system and multimedia files. C. An SSD for both the operating system and the multimedia files. D. An HDD for the operating system with an external SSD for the multimedia files.

Lost clusters--A series of used clusters on the hard disk drive that are not associated with a specific file. Cross-linked file--When two files claim the same cluster. Orphaned files--Files that exist on the hard drive, but are not associated with a directory in the index. Bad sector--A portion of the hard disk that cannot be used.

Check Disk detects disk integrity errors and fixes them. Match each type of integrity error with its description on the right. A series of used clusters on the hard disk drive that are not associated with a specific file. When two files claim the same cluster. Files that exist on the hard drive, but are not associated with a directory in the index. A portion of the hard disk that cannot be used.

Flash memory

Electronic non-volatile memory that is easy to erase and reprogram.

Orphaned files

Files that exist on the hard drive but are not associated with a directory in the index.

BIOS

Firmware that initializes hardware at startup and provides runtime services to the operating system.

Not Initialized Unknown

Indicates a disk without a valid master boot record or a missing or corrupt partition table. To correct the problem, initialize the disk. If the partition table is invalid, use third party tools to try to recover the partition table.

Unreadable

Indicates a hardware failure, I/O errors, or other corruption. Can also be caused by a delay in reading the disk in Disk Management. Try rescanning the disk to see if the status changes. If it doesn't, troubleshoot the hardware or disk.

Online (Errors)

Indicates that I/O errors are detected on a dynamic disk. To correct the problem, try reactivating the disk.

Unavailable

Indicates that errors occurred on physical or dynamic disks.

Healthy or Online

Indicates the disk is turned on and can be accessed. The volume on the disk is valid and has no errors.

Foreign

Is shown for a foreign disk. A foreign disk is a dynamic disk that was created in one system and moved to another system. When you first add the disk to a different system, the partition information for the disk must be updated to reflect all dynamic disks in the current system. Import the disk to make it available in the new system.

Failed

Is shown for a volume that cannot be started, such as when the disk is damaged or the file system is corrupt. Make sure the disk is on and try reactivating the volume. If that doesn't work, then you likely have data loss.

No Media

Is shown for an optical or removable media drive that does not contain a valid disc. This disk status applies only to CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or removable disks.

Formatting

Is shown for volumes during the formatting process. After formatting is complete, the status for the volume changes to Healthy.

Missing or Offline

Is shown when a dynamic disk has failed, been removed, or turned off. If the disk is turned off, turn it on, and reactivate the disk. If the disk no longer exists, delete the disk from Disk Management.

Unallocated

Is shown when portions of a disk have not been assigned to a partition or a volume.

Initializing

Is shown while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. After the conversion, the status for the volume changes to Healthy.

A. Make sure the movie player is pointing to the correct drive letter for the DVD drive.

Jared has just installed an additional HDD on his Windows computer for storing multimedia files. He inserts a DVD disc to watch a movie with his usual movie player software, but the movie fails to play. In fact, the player indicates that there is no DVD drive available. What is the BEST first step that Jared should take to resolve the issue? A. Make sure the movie player is pointing to the correct drive letter for the DVD drive. B. Use Device Manager to make sure the DVD drive is being recognized by the system. C. Eject the DVD disc and re-insert it to make sure the drive is reading the disc properly. D. Open the case and make sure that the DVD drive is connected to the power supply.

A. The HDD needs to be partitioned and formatted with a file system.

Jason has installed a new hard drive (HDD) in his Windows PC workstation. He wants to use it to store multimedia files for his private video editing business. After installing the HDD in the PC case, he boots the PC in to the BIOS and verifies that the HDD is recognized by the system. When he tries to save files to the new HDD, he receives an error message. What is the MOST likely reason that Jason cannot save data to his new HDD? A. The HDD needs to be partitioned and formatted with a file system. B. The HDD is not connected to the power supply. C. The HDD is not properly seated in the expansion slot. D. The HDD SATA data cable is connected upside down.

B. RAID 1

Jessica is concerned about losing data due to a hard disk failure. Her computer will only support a maximum of three disks. To protect her data, she has decided to use RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks). Which of the following RAID types would give Jessica the BEST mirrored data protection? A. RAID 0 B. RAID 1 C. RAID 5 D. RAID 10

C. eSATA

Joseph has started using virtual machines (VMs) to help his software development process. As the number of VMs has increased, Joseph has noticed that his hard drive is almost full. He would like you to buy and connect an external hard drive where additional VMs can be stored. When the drive arrives, you find it has the type of connector shown in the image below. Which type of connector is on the external hard drive? A. SATA B. VHDC SCSI C. eSATA D. SCSI

A. Failing hard drive

Lately, you hear a clicking noise when reading or writing data from the hard disk. What is the MOST likely cause of the clicking? A. Failing hard drive B. Failed UPS C. Overheated CPU D. Bad memory

Step 1--Install a new storage device on the system. Step 2--Add free space on a new storage device to a storage pool. Step 3--Allocate space from the storage pool to an existing storage space.

List the steps you need to follow to add more disk space to a storage space in Windows. Drag the correct step from the left to the correct step number on the right. (Not all steps on the left will be used.)

Formatting--none Healthy--Indicates that the disk is turned on, can be accessed, and that the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. Unallocated--none Initializing--Shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. Missing--Shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off. Unavailable--Indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks.

Match each disk status on the left with the corresponding description on the right. Each status may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Shows while a disk is being converted from a basic disk to a dynamic disk. Indicates that the disk is turned on, can be accessed, and that the volume on the disk is valid and has no errors. Indicates that errors have occurred on physical or dynamic disks. Shows when a dynamic disk has been removed or turned off.

Basic disks--Use primary and extended partitions; Are supported by all operating systems.; & Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space. Dynamic disks--Support up to 128 volumes; Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space; & Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system. Active disks--none

Match each disk type on the left with its corresponding description/features on the right. Each disk type may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Support up to 128 volumes. Use primary and extended partitions. Are supported by all operating systems. Support volumes that use discontiguous disk space. Store partitioning information in a hidden database on all such disks in the system. Only support volumes made up of contiguous disk space.

Partition--A logical division of a storage device associated with a hard drive. Volume--A single accessible storage area within a file system. Directory--A container in a file system used to logically sort and organize data. File--A one-dimensional stream of bits treated as a logical unit.

Match each file system component on the left with the correct description on the right. A logical division of a storage device associated with a hard drive. A single accessible storage area within a file system. A container in a file system used to logically sort and organize data. A one-dimensional stream of bits treated as a logical unit.

Compact Disc (CD)--First developed to store digital music. Later, it was adapted to store digital computer data. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)--Single-sided discs can hold about 4.7 GB of data. Dual-layer discs can hold up to 8.5 GB of data. Blu-ray Disc-Recordable (BD-RE)--Uses blue laser light, which has a short wavelength, allowing data to be packed more tightly onto the disc. Compact Disc-ReWritable (CD-RW)--Can be written, read many times, erased, and rewritten. It has a capacity of about 650 MB. Digital Versatile Disc-ReWritable (DVD-RW)--Dual-layer version employs two recordable dye layers, each capable of storing data. Blu-ray Disc (BD)--Was originally developed for high definition video (and expanded content on movie discs), but can also be used for data storage.

Match each label on the left with the correct characteristics on the right. Compact Disc (CD) Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) Blu-ray Disc-Recordable (BD-RE) Compact Disc-ReWritable (CD-RW) Digital Versatile Disc-ReWritable (DVD-RW) Blu-ray Disc (BD)

Hard disk drive (HSD)--A thick magnetic disk made of aluminum platters. Uses read/write heads to access data stored on the platters. & A device that provides up to several terabytes of storage capacity and whose cost per megabyte is very low. Solid-state drive (SSD)--A flash device with storage capacity similar to that of a small hard drive. & A device that is faster than other comparable devices. It has no moving parts and lasts longer than other storage devices. Optical disc--A disk that uses lasers to read and write information stored in the form of pits on its reflective coating. & A disk that is ideal for music and video. It is portable and cheap with a long shelf life.

Match each storage device type on the left with its description and benefits on the right. Hard disk drive (HSD) Solid-state drive (SSD) Optical disc

New Technology File System (NTFS)

Microsoft's default file system.

B. Storage devices, which are physical drives such as SATA drives or external drives.; C. Storage pools, which are logically created from free space on storage devices.; & D. Storage space, which is a logically defined unit created from a storage pool.

On a Windows workstation, you want to use the Storage Spaces feature to create a logical drive. Which of the following components are used to configure Storage Spaces? (Select three.) A. Mirrored data resiliency, which provides storage redundancy. B. Storage devices, which are physical drives such as SATA drives or external drives. C. Storage pools, which are logically created from free space on storage devices. D. Storage space, which is a logically defined unit created from a storage pool. E. Parity, which allows you to reconstruct data if device failure occurs. F. Thin provisioning, which allows you to allocate more space than is available.

B. RAID 1

One of your customers wants you to build a personal server that he can use in his home. One of his concerns is making sure that he has at least one data backup stored on the server in the event that a disk fails. You have decided to back up his data using RAID. Since this server is for personal use only, the customer wants to keep costs down. Therefore, he would like to keep the number of drives to a minimum. Which of the following RAID systems would BEST meet the customer's specifications? A. RAID 0 B. RAID 1 C. RAID 5 D. RAID 10

RAID

RAID is a data storage technology that combines multiple physical disk drives into one or more logical storage units. Using RAID can provide data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

S.M.A.R.T. is a monitoring system that detects drive errors. If S.M.A.R.T. detects the number of errors that indicate a complete hard disk failure is imminent, a warning is displayed during system boot.

D. Connect the HDD to the lowest numbered SATA connector on the motherboard.

The hard drive (HDD) you are installing in a PC is the boot drive with the operating system on it. You want to make sure that the BIOS recognizes this HDD as the boot drive without the need to configure it as the boot drive in BIOS. Which of the following should you do to make sure the HDD is recognized as the boot drive automatically? A. Connect the HDD to the lowest numbered power supply connector. B. Connect the HDD to the highest numbered SATA connector on the motherboard. C. Connect the HDD to the motherboard using a SATA data cable designed for boot drives. D. Connect the HDD to the lowest numbered SATA connector on the motherboard.

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)

The latest generation of standards for hard disk and other storage devices.

Input/output operations per second (IOPS)

The measurement of the number of input/output operations that can be performed per second.

Defragmentation

The process of moving or rewriting parts of a file to contiguous sectors on the hard disk drive. Defragmentation increases the speed of data access and retrieval.

C. The Blu-ray laser has a shorter wavelength, which allows data to be packed more tightly on the disc. & E. Blu-ray uses a blue laser instead of a red laser.

What are the fundamental differences between a DVD drive and a Blue-ray drive? (Select two.) A. Blue-ray drives can only handle high definition video files. B. Blu-ray drives can read and write. C. The Blu-ray laser has a shorter wavelength, which allows data to be packed more tightly on the disc. D. Blue-ray discs are removable and can be used with other drives. E. Blu-ray uses a blue laser instead of a red laser.

D. Windows automatically assigns an available drive letter.

What happens when you connect an external hard drive to a Windows PC? A. Windows automatically assigns the new drive to a pool. B. Windows automatically partitions the new hard drive. C. Windows automatically initializes (formats) the new hard drive. D. Windows automatically assigns an available drive letter.

D. A DVD-R DL has slower write speeds

What is a disadvantage of using a DVD-R DL (Dual Layer) disc over an ordinary DVD? A. A DVD-R DL is not backwards-compatible with a regular DVD player. B. A DVD-R DL stores less data. C. A DVD-R DL has to skip across the disc to find the next track. D. A DVD-R DL has slower write speeds.

B. Five

What is the minimum number of storage devices you need in order to implement three-way mirroring for a storage space? A. Seven B. Five C. Three D. Two

Simple--Does not provide redundancy; Does not provide protection from a single storage device failure. Two-way mirror--Requires at least two storage devices. Three-way mirror--Requires at least five storage devices; Protects your data if two storage devices fail at one time. Parity--Requires at least three storage devices.

When you configure Storage Spaces in Windows, you can include information redundancy with a feature called data resiliency. Match each type of data resiliency on the left with the appropriate description on the right. (Each data resiliency type may be used once, more than once, or not at all.) Requires at least three storage devices. Requires at least five storage devices. Does not provide redundancy. Does not provide protection from a single storage device failure. Requires at least two storage devices. Protects your data if two storage devices fail at one time.

C. BD-RE

Which Blu-ray standard defines rewritable discs? A. BD-ROM B. BD-R C. BD-RE D. BD-R/RW

B. Disk Management

Which Windows tool can you use to determine the amount of space available to shrink a volume? A. chkdsk /f B. Disk Management C. chkdsk /r D. Computer Management

C. Disk Management

Which Windows tool do you use to create and delete partitions on hard drives? A. Explorer B. Services C. Disk Management D. Device Manager

A. Wipe the disc in straight lines from the center to the edge.

Which action is recommended to minimize the effect of scratches when wiping a disc to clean it? A. Wipe the disc in straight lines from the center to the edge. B. Use a damp paper towel instead of a microfiber cloth. C. Wipe the disc in a circular motion on the surface. D. Use canned air specifically designed for electronics.

C. SATA3

Which generation of SATA storage devices supports up to 6-Gbps data transfer rates and addresses solid-state drives? A. eSATA B. eSATAp C. SATA3 D. SATA2 E. SATA1

E. SATA

Which interface is primarily used for internal hard drives in modern desktop PC systems? A. SCSI B. USB C. Firewire D. PATA E. SATA

D. Non-volatile memory chips

Which method does an SD card use to store data? A. Reflective surface and optical readers B. Magnetic disks and platters C. Magnetic tape D. Non-volatile memory chips

A. defrag

Which of the following Windows command line utilities would you use to realign the file structure on a disk to optimize performance? A. defrag B. Disk Management C. fdisk D. chkdsk

B. DVD, D. BD, & G. CD

Which of the following are optical storage devices? (Select three.) A. HDD B. DVD C. SDHC D. BD E. USB flash drive F. SSD G. CD

B. Select Change Settings from the Optimize Drive dialog. Then clear the Run on a schedule option.

Which of the following can you do to disable defragmentation in Windows? A. Open Device Manager and right-click the SSD drive. Then select the Defragment drive option. B. Select Change Settings from the Optimize Drive dialog. Then clear the Run on a schedule option. C. Select Optimize from the Optimize Drive dialog. Then clear the Defragment drives option. D. Open Device Manager, right-click the SSD drive, and select Properties. Then select the Defragment drive option.

D. df -h

Which of the following commands would you run on a Linux system to find out how much disk space is being used on each of the file systems? A. fsck B. umount C. ls -R D. df -h

D. Disk Cleanup

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities locates and disposes of files that can be safely removed from a disk? A. Check Disk B. Disk Defragmenter C. Disk Management D. Disk Cleanup

A. Disk Defragmenter

Which of the following disk maintenance utilities optimizes the performance of your hard drive by joining parts of files that are in different locations into a single location? A. Disk Defragmenter B. Check Disk C. Disk Management D. Disk Cleanup

C. RAID 5

Which of the following drive configurations uses striping with parity for fault tolerance? A. RAID 10 B. RAID 0 C. RAID 5 D. RAID 1

A. Down & D. Bad

Which of the following indicates that a drive is unavailable when you check the status of a hard drive? (Select two.) A. Down B. Failed C. Caution D. Bad E. Uncertain

B. You can add space to the volume from another disk.

Which of the following is a benefit of extending a volume? A. You are adding fault tolerance to the volume. B. You can add space to the volume from another disk. C. You are increasing the access speed to files on the extended volume. D. You are able to add non-contiguous space to your system volume.

D. They are subdivided into logical drives.

Which of the following is a characteristic of extended partitions? A. There can be multiple extended partitions per drive. B. They can be set to active. C. They are bootable. D. They are subdivided into logical drives.

C. Hard disk

Which of the following is a magnetic storage device? A. Solid-state drive B. DVD C. Hard disk D. Flash device

A. SATA

Which of the following is the most common disk interface used for optical drives on home and office computers? A. SATA B. Sound card (proprietary) C. IDE/EIDE (ATAPI) D. SCSI E. Parallel port

A. The volume must be unformatted. & B. The volume must be formatted with NTFS.

Which of the following requirements must be met in order to extend a volume? (Select two. Each correct answer is a complete solution.) A. The volume must be unformatted. B. The volume must be formatted with NTFS. C. The target partition must not have a drive letter. D. The volume must be spanned. E. The volume must have an empty folder.

B. Volume resizing & F. Drive repartitioning

Which of the following tasks does Windows Storage Spaces eliminate the need for? (Select two.) A. Defragmentation B. Volume resizing C. Hard drive formatting D. Disk cleanup E. RAID array creation F. Drive repartitioning

D. Plug the 15-pin power connector into the SATA drive.

Which of the following tasks would you complete as part of a normal SATA installation using a recently purchased motherboard? A. Set the Master/Slave relationship using a jumper. B. Use the 4-pin Molex power connector. C. Configure the device ID using a jumper. D. Plug the 15-pin power connector into the SATA drive. E. Complete a low-level format of the drive.

D. Triple-layer

Which of the following types of Blue-ray Discs can hold up to 100 GB of data? A. Single-layer B. Quadruple-layer C. Dual-layer D. Triple-layer

D. chkdsk

Which of the following utilities would you use to correct cross-linked clusters within the file system on a Windows workstation? A. fdisk B. attrib C. DiskScan D. chkdsk

D. Single-layer, single-sided Blu-ray Disc

Which optical media has the greatest storage capacity? A. Dual-layer, single-sided DVD B. Dual-layer, double-sided DVD C. Compact disc D. Single-layer, single-sided Blu-ray Disc

A. Hard disk

Which storage device uses aluminum platters for storing data? A. Hard disk B. SD card C. DLT tape D. CD-ROM disc E. DVD disc

C. Boot into the recovery environment and run the bootrec /rebuildbcd command.

While trying to start your Windows 11 system, you see the following error message: Could not read from the selected boot disk. Check boot path and disk hardware. Which of the following will MOST likely fix the problem? A. Boot into the recovery console and run the fixmbr command on the boot volume. B. Boot into the recovery console and run the bootcfg /rebuild command. C. Boot into the recovery environment and run the bootrec /rebuildbcd command. D. Boot into the recovery console and copy the NTLDR file to the boot volume. E. Boot into Safe Mode and restore to a restore point.

resiliency

Windows features a storage solution called Storage Spaces. What is the name of the Storage Spaces feature that allows you to allocate space for redundant information using options that include two-way mirroring, three-way mirroring, and parity?

A. Flash drive

You are a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical company. You often want to share information from your laptop quickly with customers during onsite visits. Which of the following storage media would BEST allow you to quickly and inexpensively share your files with the customers? A. Flash drive B. SSD drive C. SDHC memory card D. HDD drive

C. chkdsk /?

You are an IT administrator who is troubleshooting a computer from within Windows Command Prompt. You are trying to execute the chkdsk command line tool, but it keeps failing. Which of the following command switches would give you the BEST information on how to run this command? A. chkdsk /info B. chkdsk /help C. chkdsk /? D. chkdsk /i

D. Verify that the power supply and SATA cables can reach the HDD.

You are building a PC workstation and are ready to install a newer hard drive (HDD) into an empty drive bay in the PC case. Which of the following steps should you complete first? A. Connect the HDD to the power supply. B. Connect the HDD to the SATA interface on the motherboard. C. Verify that the HDD has been detected by the BIOS or UEFI firmware. D. Verify that the power supply and SATA cables can reach the HDD.

A. Four

You are building a new computer and have purchased a motherboard that includes four built-in SATA connectors. Which of the following MOST accurately lists the maximum number of SATA devices you can connect to the motherboard using the integrated ports? A. Four B. Eight C. Sixteen D. Thirty-two E. Sixty-four

B. Hardware

You are configuring a new system, and you want to use a RAID 0 array for the operating system using SATA disks and a special controller card that includes a RAID processor. Which RAID method should you use? A. Operating system B. Hardware C. Software D. JBOD

D. Configure an automatic backup to the hard disk drive.

You are currently running a video editing application on your Windows 11 laptop. The laptop includes both an SSD drive and a traditional hard drive. You run the video application on the hard drive, but you would like to install and run the app from the SSD drive to enhance performance speed. Which of the following should you do to protect the video application and associated data files from drive failure when you move them to the SSD drive? A. Defragment the SSD drive on a regular basis. B. Enable the TRIM functionality. C. Encrypt the data on the SSD drive. D. Configure an automatic backup to the hard disk drive.

B. An SSD uses flash technology to store data. & E. An SSD opens files faster than an HDD.

You are in the process of purchasing several new Windows-based computers to replace broken or outdated computers. You have heard that solid-state drives (SSDs) can significantly increase systems' overall performance. Which of the following BEST describe the features of solid-state drives (SSDs) compared to hard disk drives (HDDs)? (Select two.) A. An SSD cheaply stores a large amount of data. B. An SSD uses flash technology to store data. C. SSD spindles move at a faster rate than those of an HDD. D. An SSD can be adversely affected by magnetism. E. An SSD opens files faster than an HDD.

B. The utility can only manage MBR partitions and is displaying the drive's protected MBR.

You are using an older utility to manage a GPT-partitioned drive on a Windows 10 system. You only see a single partition. However, you know you have multiple partitions across the hard drive. What is the MOST likely reason that you only see one partition? A. The utility is only designed to work with Windows 7 or 8. B. The utility can only manage MBR partitions and is displaying the drive's protected MBR. C. The utility can only display dynamic partitions. D. The utility is displaying the drive's unprotected MBR.

C. Create a new partition without a drive letter on the new hard disk.

You have a computer with a single hard disk, which is configured as a basic disk with an NTFS-formatted single partition. The computer runs Windows 11. The disk has run out of space, and you want to add more space to the disk. You install a new hard drive and start Disk Management. Which of the following is a required task to add space to the existing volume? A. Create an empty folder on the new hard disk. B. Extend the C:\ volume. C. Create a new partition without a drive letter on the new hard disk. D. Upgrade both disks to dynamic.

C. Data on the RAID 1 volume is accessible. Data on the RAID 0 volume is not.

You have a computer with three hard disks. A RAID 0 volume uses space on Disk 1 and Disk 2. A RAID 1 volume uses space on Disk 2 and Disk 3. Disk 2 fails. Which of the following is true? A. Data on both volumes is still accessible. B. Data on both volumes is inaccessible. C. Data on the RAID 1 volume is accessible. Data on the RAID 0 volume is not. D. Data on the RAID 0 volume is accessible. Data on the RAID 1 volume is not.

D. Extend the system volume on the existing hard drive by using contiguous unallocated space.

You have a single hard drive on your laptop with a basic system volume. The volume is running out of space, and you would like to extend the space on the volume. Which of the following would work BEST to resolve the issue? A. Extend the system volume on the existing hard drive by using non-contiguous unallocated space. B. Extend the system volume by adding a second hard drive and using contiguous space on the new drive. C. Extend the system volume by adding a second hard drive and using non-contiguous space on the new drive. D. Extend the system volume on the existing hard drive by using contiguous unallocated space.

A. The storage space has run out of disk space.

You have a thin-provisioned storage space that suddenly unmounts. What is the MOST likely cause of this problem? A. The storage space has run out of disk space. B. One of the disks in the storage space pool has crashed. C. A new storage device has been added to the pool. D. The storage space has become corrupted.

D. Upgrade the disk to a dynamic disk.

You have an extra disk on your system that has three primary partitions and an extended partition with two logical drives. You want to convert the partitions to simple volumes, preferably without losing any data. Which of the following is the BEST step to perform to accomplish this? A. Delete the partitions and re-create them as simple volumes. B. Run the convert command. C. Run the fixboot command to convert the partition type to GPT. D. Upgrade the disk to a dynamic disk.

B. Three

You have been asked to implement a RAID 5 solution for an engineer's desktop workstation. What is the minimum number of hard disks you can use to configure RAID 5? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five E. Six

B. Nothing. The RAID array is working as designed.

You have configured Disk 3 and Disk 4 on your Windows 11 workstation as a RAID 1 array with the NTFS file system, and you have assigned F as the drive letter for the array. Each disk has an individual storage capacity of 1 TB. However, when you check the available storage size of F, you notice that it only lists 1 TB (instead of 2 TB) of available disk storage space. What should you do to resolve the issue? A. Make sure both disks are set to dynamic instead of basic. B. Nothing. The RAID array is working as designed. C. Change the volume to a spanned volume. D. You need to change to a RAID 5 array.

A. Fix cross-linked files & C. Fix lost clusters

You have decided to optimize the hard drive on your Windows laptop by running the Error Checking utility. What are the things that you can expect the Error Checking utility to perform? (Select two.) A. Fix cross-linked files B. Defragmentation C. Fix lost clusters D. Delete temporary files E. Compress old files

B. Healthy (Logical Drive)

You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. Which of the following are you MOST likely to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors? A. Healthy B. Healthy (Logical Drive) C. Healthy (Basic) D. Healthy (Dynamic) E. Healthy (Primary Partition)

E. Healthy

You have four volumes on a basic hard disk. You convert the disk to dynamic. After the conversion, which of the following are you MOST likely to see as the status of the fourth volume if it is valid and has no errors? A. Healthy (Dynamic) B. Healthy (Logical Drive) C. Healthy (Primary Partition) D. Healthy (Basic) E. Healthy

F. Unallocated

You have just finished installing Windows on a system that contains four physical hard disks. The installation process has created a system volume and a C: volume on the first disk (Disk 0). The installation process also initialized the second disk (Disk 1) and the third disk (Disk 2), but did not create any volumes on these disks. Which of the following would you expect to see as the status of Disk 1 and Disk 2? A. Healthy B. Unreadable C. Formatting D. Unavailable E. Initializing F. Unallocated

D. Make sure that the hard disk is connected to the power supply.

You have just finished upgrading the 250-watt power supply in your desktop computer to a 450-watt power supply. Now the BIOS does not recognize one of the hard disk drives in the system during POST. Which of the following troubleshooting steps is the BEST to try first? A. Use the voltage switch on the power supply to go from 110 volts to 220 volts. B. Replace the power supply. C. Reconfigure the hard disk to utilize the higher-wattage power supply with drive jumpers. D. Make sure that the hard disk is connected to the power supply. E. Manually enter the hard disk geometry parameters in the BIOS.

C. Make sure the power connectors on the SSD drive are plugged in all the way.

You have just installed an SSD drive in your older Windows workstation. However, after you start Windows, you do not see the SSD drive listed in Windows Explorer. What should you do FIRST? A. Configure the jumpers on the SSD drive. B. Use the voltage switch on the power supply to switch from 110 to 220 volts. C. Make sure the power connectors on the SSD drive are plugged in all the way. D. Replace the power supply.

C. FAT32

You have just purchased a new USB drive that you want to use to troubleshoot the computers in your company as well as other network devices, such as printers and projectors. You need to format this new drive with a file system that will be recognized and used on all devices. Which of the following file system types would meet MOST, if not all, of your needs when formatting your USB drive? A. NFS B. CDFS C. FAT32 D. NTFS

B. M.2

You have just purchased an Ultrabook with an SSD expansion card that provides SATA 3.0, PCI Express 3.0, and USB 3.0 ports. Which type of expansion slot standard is your Ultrabook using? A. NVMe B. M.2 C. HDD D. mSATA

C. Back up all important data and files.

You have just received a frantic call from a customer. She informs you that after turning her computer on, she received the following error: The SMART hard disk check has detected an imminent failure. Which of the following is the best FIRST step to take? A. Run a reliable defragmentation tool. B. Correct the bad areas on the drive using chkdsk. C. Back up all important data and files. D. Run a hard drive test to verify the hard disk's condition. (It may be a false error.)

A. Hard disk

You need a storage device that has a very large storage capacity, is fast, and is relatively inexpensive. Which storage device would BEST suit your needs? A. Hard disk B. Optical C. SSD D. USB flash drive

B. Run First Aid by booting into Recovery Mode.

You notice that the hard drive on your iMac Pro is running slower than before. You decide to run the First Aid utility to optimize the drive. Which of the following is recommended to make sure that the First Aid utility is 100% effective? A. Defragment the hard drive first. B. Run First Aid by booting into Recovery Mode. C. Check Disk Usage in the Storage tab. D. Make sure that the hard drive is at 80% or less capacity.

D. eSATAp

You want a storage device that has the ability to: -Integrate data and device power into a single cable. -Use a connector and port that is neither L-shaped nor rectangular. Which of the following SATA devices is the BEST for these conditions? A. SATA1 B. SATA2 C. eSATA D. eSATAp E. SATA3

D. Use dynamic disks and a spanned volume.

You want to combine storage space from two different hard disks into a single logical storage unit on your Windows computer. Which of the following is the BEST step to perform? A. Use dynamic disks and a simple volume. B. Use basic disks and a primary partition. C. Use basic disks and an extended partition. D. Use dynamic disks and a spanned volume.

C. Store data that requires high performance on the SSD drive. & E. Store heavily used information on the hard drive.

You want to create a high-performance Windows laptop with both a 2-TB hard drive and a 1-TB SSD drive. Which of the following are data storage recommendations for your high performance system? (Select two.) A. Automatically back up important data on the hard drive to the SSD drive. B. Store heavily used information on the SSD drive. C. Store data that requires high performance on the SSD drive. D. Store data that requires high performance on the hard drive. E. Store heavily used information on the hard drive.

B. Convert the disks from basic to dynamic.

You want to create a software RAID 1 array on your Windows 11 workstation using Disk 1 and Disk 2. What do you need to do with Disk 1 and Disk 2 before configuring them for a RAID 1 array? A. Format both disks with the same file system. B. Convert the disks from basic to dynamic. C. Verify that both disks are the same size. D. Convert the disks from dynamic to basic.

D. Shrink the primary partition.

You want to set up a Windows system to also be able to boot to Linux. To be able to dual boot, the system needs a partition on which to install Linux. However, you don't have an extra hard disk that can be used for the Linux partition. The existing disk has no unpartitioned space available, but it has about 300 GB of free space. Which of the following disk management operations will BEST prepare your hard disk for dual boot in this scenario? A. Reformat the disk with the partitions needed for a dual boot system. B. Convert the disk from basic to dynamic. C. Convert the disk from physical to logical partitions. D. Shrink the primary partition.

D. Thin provisioning

You want to set up storage spaces for several employees in your company with a maximum allocation of 100 gigabytes per drive. However, you only have 500 gigabytes of available space left in the pool where you want to create the storage spaces. Which Storage Spaces feature can you use to allocate more space than what is actually available? A. Partition shrinking B. Data resiliency C. Pools D. Thin provisioning

A. Use mirrored volumes.

You work for a small company as the human resources specialist. Since the company is fairly small, you are maintaining all of the employee information on your desktop computer, which is running Windows 11. This computer has two high-capacity hard disks. You want to ensure that this information is protected from a hard disk failure, so you want to set up a Windows software RAID system. Which of the following would be your BEST solution? A. Use mirrored volumes. B. Use striped volumes. C. Use RAID 5 volumes. D. Use spanned volumes.

C. The designers are storing media files on the SSD drive.

Your company's graphic designers were given laptop computers several months ago. The laptops have a 500-GB SSD drive for the operating system and applications and a 1-TB hard drive for storing media files. Now, a few of the graphic designers are complaining about slow performance on their SSD drives. What is the MOST likely cause of the slow performance? A. The SATA connection is older and has a slower transfer speed. B. The SSD's firmware needs to be updated. C. The designers are storing media files on the SSD drive. D. The file system is not optimized for SSD.

C. Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 3. & D. Upgrade to a 10,000 RPM hard disk.

Your computer currently uses a 5,400 RPM hard disk. You want to improve your computer's overall performance by optimizing your hard disk performance. Which of the following would be the MOST effective means to optimize your hard disk performance? (Select two.) A. Upgrade your hard disk interface to eSATAp. B. Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 2. C. Upgrade your hard disk interface to SATA 3. D. Upgrade to a 10,000 RPM hard disk. E. Implement RAID 0 on the current hard disk. F. Upgrade to a 7,200 RPM hard disk.

A. Create a mount point using space on the second disk.

Your computer has a single hard disk with a single volume that is used by the C:\ drive. You have previously upgraded the disk to a dynamic disk. The disk has run out of space, so you want to add more space to the C:\ volume. You add a new hard disk to the computer. Which of the following is the BEST step to complete while adding space to the C:\ drive? A. Create a mount point using space on the second disk. B. Extend the C:\ volume to the second disk. C. Span the C:\ volume to the second disk. D. Strip the C:\ volume to the second disk.

A. The disk must have contiguous free space on the same disk. & D. The system volume must formatted with NTFS.

Your system volume is running out of disk space. You need to extend the system volume to give it more space. Which of the following conditions MUST be met to extend the system volume? (Select two.) A. The disk must have contiguous free space on the same disk. B. The volume must be spanned to use disk space on a different disk. C. The system volume must be on a basic disk. D. The system volume must formatted with NTFS. E. The system volume must be on a dynamic disk.