CH. 51: alterations of musculoskeletal function: trauma, infection and disease test bank

What type of fracture generally occurs in children? a. Greenstick b. Stress c. Oblique d. Colles

a. Greenstick Greenstick fractures occur most often in the growing bones of children.

A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as a. comminuted. b. open. c. greenstick. d. stress.

a. comminuted. A fracture in which the bone breaks into two or more fragments is called a comminuted fracture. O

The displacement of two bones in which the articular surfaces partially lose contact with each other is called a. subluxation. b. subjugation. c. sublimation. d. dislocation.

a. subluxation. Subluxation is partial dislocation of a joint.

Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called a. epicondylitis. b. arthritis. c. tendinitis. d. bursitis.

d. bursitis. Bursitis is inflammation of the bursal sacs that protect the skin over bony protuberances.

The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves increased osteoclast activity. collagen breakdown in the bone matrix. crowding of cells in the osteoid. inadequate mineralization in the osteoid.

inadequate mineralization in the osteoid. Osteomalacia is characterized by inadequate or delayed mineralization in the osteoid.

Bone healing may be impaired by excessive vitamin C. nicotine use. a high-protein diet. immobilization.

nicotine use. Nicotine can delay bone healing. Vitamin C, protein, and immobilization are necessary for bone healing.

Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of noncontractile tissue injury. contractile tissue injury. vascular insufficiency.

noncontractile tissue injury. Pain with passive stretching of a muscle is indicative of noncontractile tissue injury.

Characteristics of scoliosis include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Involvement of lateral curvature of the spine Increase during periods of rapid growth More common in boys Identifiable by uneven shoulders or scapular prominence Possibility of leading to respiratory complications

Involvement of lateral curvature of the spine Increase during periods of rapid growth Identifiable by uneven shoulders or scapular prominence Possibility of leading to respiratory complications

The disorder characterized by softening and then enlargement of bones is referred to as osteomyelitis. osteoporosis. Paget disease. d. rickets.

Paget disease. Paget disease is characterized by excessive bone resorption and formation, causing fractures and deformities.

The complication which is not likely to result from an open, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is bone infection. fat emboli. air embolus. compartment syndrome.

air embolus. Air embolus is not likely to occur secondary to this fracture. Bone infection is likely because it is an open fracture. Fat emboli are likely because the fracture is in a long bone. Compartment syndrome is likely because of the extent of soft-tissue injury.

The most common source of osteomyelitis is an infection that migrates via the bloodstream. direct invasion from a fracture. surgical contamination. a joint prosthesis.

an infection that migrates via the bloodstream. Hematogenous osteomyelitis (via the blood stream) is the most common type of osteomyelitis.

People who have osteoporosis are at risk for rhabdomyolysis. osteomyelitis. osteomalacia. bone fractures.

bone fractures. Osteoporosis weakens the bone structure and increases the risk of bone fractures.

A bone disorder that results from insufficient vitamin D is referred to as a. rickets. b. osteoporosis. c. osteomalacia. d. subluxation.

c. osteomalacia. Osteomalacia is caused by vitamin D deficiency in adults. Rickets is caused by vitamin D deficiency in children

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n) a. rhabdosarcoma. b. liposarcoma. c. osteosarcoma. d. chondrosarcoma.

c. osteosarcoma. An osteosarcoma is a malignant bone-forming tumor

A patient diagnosed with diabetes smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for delayed healing. malunion. nonunion. dysunion.

delayed healing. Fracture healing that does occur but takes longer than expected is called delayed healing. This patient has multiple risk factors for delayed healing.

Following a bone fracture, the earliest likely event to occur is development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum. leukocyte infiltration into bone tissue. blood vessel growth at the fracture site. migration of osteoblasts to the fracture site.

development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum. The first step in bone healing is hematoma formation

A risk factor for osteoporosis is endometriosis. early menopause. late menopause. ovarian cysts.

early menopause.

The most common site affected in Paget disease is the lower spine. skull. pelvis. joints.

lower spine. The lower spine is the most common site affected in Paget disease.

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called malunion. nonunion. disunion. delayed union.

malunion. Malunion is a complication that occurs when the bone fails to align correctly during the healing process.

The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is rickets osteosarcoma. Paget disease. osteopenia.

rickets Rickets is similar to osteomalacia in that it is caused by vitamin D deficiency and leads to soft, deformable bones. Rickets occurs in growing children.

Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to bone infarction. soft-tissue damage. muscle necrosis. breakdown of RBCs.

soft-tissue damage.

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when no movement of the break is detectable. the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone. the fracture site and surrounding soft tissue are pain free. a cast is no longer required to stabilize the break.

the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone. Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone.

Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency? a. Osteomalacia b. Osteopenia c. Osteomyelitis d. Osteoporosis

a. Osteomalacia Osteomalacia is inadequate mineralization of bone tissue, most commonly caused by vitamin D deficiency, and it usually causes skeletal pain

Most muscle strains are caused by a tear in an adjoining tendon. abnormal muscle contraction. muscle asymmetry. bleeding into the muscle.

abnormal muscle contraction. Most muscle strains are caused by abnormal muscle contraction. A muscle strain can be caused by a tear in the muscle

The most common symptom of multiple myeloma is pathologic fracture. fever. bone pain. osteomyelitis.

bone pain.

A Type I open fracture is best described as a bone that is broken in two or more pieces. cracked but not completely separated. broken along the long axis. broken and protruding through the skin.

broken and protruding through the skin.

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of dietary inadequacies. estrogen deficiency. malabsorption syndrome. inactivity.

estrogen deficiency.

Paget disease is characterized by overactivity of osteoblasts leading to multiple bone tumors. excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone. inflammatory disorder resulting in fusion of spine joints. failure of resorption by osteoclasts resulting in hard bones.

excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone. Paget disease is characterized by excessive bone resorption followed by excessive formation of fragile bone.

Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are genetically transmitted. easily prevented and managed. autoimmune in nature. demyelinating focused.

genetically transmitted. Muscular dystrophy includes a number of muscle disorders that are genetically transmitted.

The most common type of osteomyelitis is hematogenous. contiguous focus. Brodie abscess. direct invasion.

hematogenous.

Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to increase the administration his pain medication. initiate action to have the cast split or removed. note the increase in pain in the chart, and recheck the extremity in 30 minutes. elevate the extremity to relieve swelling.

initiate action to have the cast split or removed. The priority action is to have the cast split or removed because these are signs of compartment syndrome and emergent decompression is needed.

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of calcium. estrogen. phosphate. vitamin D.

vitamin D Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from vitamin D deficiency