ch. 52 preparation of cytology smears
when sending out cytologies, submit _ to _ air dried unstained smears and _ to _ romanowsky stained smears
2,3
for the modified compression preparation, rotate second slide _ degrees and lift upward
45
preferred fixative for cytology samples is
95% methanol
if possible, fluid samples should be collected with _
EDTA
several different preparations are usually made from each sample to allow for diagnostic testing without _ collection
additional
fluid samples may need an _ or _
anticoagulant, preservatives
papanicolaou stains do not demonstrate _
bacteria
_, _, and _ of the fluid influence the selection of smear technique
cellularity, viscosity, homogeneity
line smear is prepared for samples that have low _ or a small _
cellularity, volume
some samples may require _
centrifugation
the type of preparation depends on _ of the sample
characteristics
place aspirate on the middle of the slide. place prep slide on flat surface, pull spreader slide backward at 45 degree angle until it makes contact with approx. 1/3 of the aspirate. then smoothly and rapidly move spreader slide forward. next place spreader slide horizontally over back third of aspirate at a right angle. quickly slide the spreader slide across the prep slide.
combination technique
the prep leaves three different types of areas to evaluate
combination technique
can yield excellent cytologic smears
compression
papanicolaou do not stain _ well
cytoplasm
when sending out fluids, _ smears and _ smears and _ and _ _ tube should be submitted
direct, concentrated, EDTA, red top
_ step ensures the highest quality preparation
fixative
the _ must be fresh and not contaminated, protect from evaporation and dilution, and prepare slides should remain in the _ for 2 to 5 minutes
fixative
preparations of smears from fluid samples should be prepared _ after collection
immediately
cytology samples are processed by a variety of techniques including
impression smears, compression or modified compression preparations, line, starfish, wedge smears
stain organisms and the cytoplasm of cells slide must be air dried because
it preserves and fixes the cells to the slide
a drop of fluid is placed on the slide and a blood smear technique is used except the spreader slide is raised directly upward approx. 3/4 of the way through the smear, creating a line containing a higher concentration of cells. used for low cellularity
line smear
papanicolaou stains require many steps and time, and its difficult to _, _, and _ in practice
locate, prepare, maintain
formalin fumes after the staining characteristics of smears and water causes cell _
lysis
preparation of smears from solid _ including
masses, lymph nodes, and internal organs
the starfish smear is also known as
needle spread technique
_ _ _ is a useful adjunct to romanowsky stain
new methylene blue
_ stains give excellent nuclear detail and delicate cytoplasmic detail
papanicolaou
when in house evaluations do not furnish sufficient reliable information, the samples should be submitted to a veterinary clinical _ or _
pathologist, cytologist
experience of the _ preparing the smears and _ of the sample influence the choice of technique
person, characteristics
_ do not stain with new methylene blue
rbc
for compression prep, gently place a second slide at _ angles to the first slide. the spreader slide is quickly and smoothly slid across the prep slide. downward pressure should not be placed on the spreader slide.
right
_ stains are inexpensive, readily available, and easy to prepare, maintain, and use
romanowsky
the two general types of stains that are most commonly used are the _ stain and _ stain
romanowsky, papanicolaou
compression preparation is also known as the _ prep
squash
some samples may require multiple _
stains
drags the aspirate peripherally in several direction with the point of a needle. tends not to damage cells, but leaves a thick layer.
starfish smear
ideal smear for viscous samples
starfish smear
you should never mail _ slides with formalin containing samples
unfixed
poor staining quality can be perplexing, but it also can be avoided by
use clean new slides, fresh well filtered stains and fresh buffer solution, fix cytologic preps, don't touch the slide, avoid contamination with foreign substance
new methylene blue stains cytoplasms _, but gives excellent nuclear detail
weakly
aka blood smear. a drop of fluid is placed on the slide about 1 to 1.5 cm from the end. second slide is pulled backward at a 30 to 40 degree angle until it makes contact with the drop. the fluid spreads across the width of the spreader slide. the spreader slide is then quickly and smoothly pushed forward until all fluid is drained away creating a feathered edge
wedge smear
romanowsky stains include
wright, giemsa, diff quik, dipstat